Resumen

RIVERON CORTEGUERA, Raúl L.; MENA MIRANDA, Vivian R.  y  GONZALEZ FERNANDEZ, María de los A.. Morbilidad y mortalidad por enfermedades infecciosas intestinales (001-009): Cuba, 1980-1999. Rev Cubana Pediatr [online]. 2000, vol.72, n.2, pp. 72-80. ISSN 1561-3119.

In the last 15 years, mortality from intestinal infectious diseases in children under 5 years has greatly decreased worldwide; however, 2.2 million deaths occurred in this age group in 1998. At present, mortality is considered a major health problem, mainly in underdeveloped countries. Mortality from these diseases in Cuba in under 5 years group has notably reduced, although morbidity constitutes an important health problem during some months of the year because of some seasonal increases in the occurrence of such diseases. This article shows the results of the work carried out from 1980 on to implement the World Diarrheal Diseases Control Program of the World Health Organization which is a continuation of the national program against gastroenteritis started in 1962. Morbidity data by age groups are provided from 1985 on. Morbidity reductions have been modest; 30.8% in under one year of age; 8.0% in 1-4 year group; 20.1 in under 5 years; 3.5% in 5-14 y age group and 15.8% in under 15 years of age. Mortality rate also went down from 1980-1999 by 91.0% in under one year group; by 50% in 1-4 y group; 85.7% in under 5 year group; 66.7% in 5-14 y group and by 81. 1% in under 15 years. The fundamental elements contributing to this reduction in mortality from diarrheal diseases have been firstly the use of oral rehydration salt in preventing and treating dehydration, rational use of antimicrobials, increased use of breast feeding only, training of human resources, intensive treatment of critical patients by our health professionals and correct management of diarrhea in primary health care.

Palabras clave : DIARRHEA [epidemiology]; DIARRHEA [mortality]; DIARRHEA, INFANTILE [epidemiology]; DIARRHEA INFANTILE [mortality]; INTESTINAL DISEASES; PARASITIC [epidemiology]; INTESTINAL DISEASES; PARASITIC [mortality].

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