Resumen

PLEGUEZUELO RODRIGUEZ, Eduardo M. et al. Monitoreo neurointensivo en pediatría (III): Tratamiento. Medidas generales. Rev Cubana Pediatr [online]. 2001, vol.73, n.2, pp.131-139. ISSN 0034-7531.

Summary It is reported that with neuromonitoring and the intensive management of severe cranioencephalic trauma, a group of different physiopathological phenomena has been identified that requires diverse and specific measures for each patient, making their treatment more rational. This has also led to a radical change of conceptions about old therapeutic patterns established for many years. An example of this change is their hydric replacement. They were before on a dry flowing and today it is preconized the strict euvolemia, the substitution of routine hyperventilation by optimized ventilation, changes in the policy of use of osmotic agents, the barbiturate therapy and the decompressive craniotomy in cases of intracranial hypertension refractory to the conventional therapeutic measures. In this paper, an updated review of the main therapeutic measures used in these patients is made according to the guidelines for the treatment of severe cranial trauma of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and of the European Consortium for Brain Injury. The therapeutic measures used in these patients are divided into 2 stages. In this third updating paper, the management of the first stage that corresponds to the urgent initial stabilization before determining the measurement of the intracranial pressure (ICP), as well as the general measures of the second phase, once the monitoring of the ICP has started, are approached. The therapeutic principles that have been used for many years at the Provincial General Hospital and at the Provincial Pediatric Teaching Hospital of Camagüey to manage severe cranial trauma and which are based on the initial measures taken on admission, according to the principles of advanced vital support in trauma for the cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and some general measures directed to avoid the progression or appearance of secondary brain injuries are also included here.

Palabras clave : BRAIN INJURIES [therapy]; HEAD INJURIES [therapy]; INTENSIVE CARE; INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE; PERFUSION; CHILD; MONITORING, PHYSIOLOGIC.

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