Abstract

MUNOZ PENA, Roberto et al. Control of tuberculosis focus in under 15 years-old children. Rev Cubana Pediatr [online]. 2014, vol.86, n.2. ISSN 0034-7531.

Introduction: the children become infected with tuberculosis from contact with sick adults, most often at home. Objective: to evaluate the quality of tuberculosis foci control actions in exposed children. Methods: retrospective and descriptive study of tuberculosis foci control actions conducted in 143 children aged less than 15 years, who had been in contact with 95 sick persons in 10 de Octubre municipality in Havana. They were classified into 3 categories: 1) exposed: children with no clinical, radiological or microbiological elements of active disease and tuberculin anergy; 2) latent infective: children reacting to tuberculin (5 mm or more readings), but with no active disease elements, and 3) ill: children with clinical and/or radiological criteria of active tuberculosis regardless of the Mantoux's test results and the microbiological studies. Results: a mean of 1.5 children under 15 years of age per index case, average age of 6.7 years, predominating preschoolers (63= 44.1 %) and males (87= 60.8 %). Most of them were considered exposed (124= 86.9 %); a quarter of the children exposed at home became infected or sick (16 out of 62= 25.8 %), and this result was much higher than the outdoor exposure (3 out of 81= 3.7 %). Three sick children were diagnosed-two had primary pulmonary forms and one had adenitis (one to 5 years-old). They accounted for 60% of the pediatric cases diagnosed in the municipality in this 5-year period. The identified errors were non-registration of primary chemoprophylaxis (55= 38.4%), late starting of focus control (39= 27.3 %) and non-performance of Mantoux's test or thorax X-ray at the very beginning (24= 16.7 %) among others. Conclusions: it is necessary to strengthen the training of the health staff and the compliance with the procedures set by the National Program, in order to assure the quality of focus controls and to contribute to the eradication of tuberculosis as a health problem.

Keywords : childhood tuberculosis; study of contacts; focus control.

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