Introduction:

Neurodevelopmental assessment facilitates timely intervention by detecting sensorineural, cognitive, motor and language alterations.

Objective:

Determine the perinatal risk factors and the evolution of neurodevelopment in children up to the first year of age.

Methods:

Descriptive, retrospective, longitudinal observational study in 1-year-old children with perinatal risk factors, attended in the neurodevelopment consultation of “Dr. Ángel Arturo Aballí” Maternal and Children´s Hospital, which is a neurodevelopmental follow-up consultation. The sample was made up of a total of 438 patients, distributed in two groups consisting of: 266 with neurodevelopmental alterations and 172 with no alterations detected, in which the perinatal conditions that occurred, the results of complementary studies and neurological clinical evaluation at 6 months and one year of age were compared. Absolute and relative frequency, Ji-square and Odds ratio, confidence interval and p< 0.05 value were used.

Results:

Among the perinatal risk factors for neurodevelopmental alterations were: male sex 68.4 vs 43.6 % (OR: 2.8; CI: 1.88-4.17), metabolic disorders 13.5 vs 7.6 % (OR: 2.5; CI: 1.32-4.94) and perinatal asphyxia 11.2 vs 1.2 % (OR: 10.8; CI: 2.54-45.82).

Conclusions:

Perinatal risk factors related to neurodevelopmental alterations were male sex, low birth weight, prematurity, Apgar score at 5th minute, sepsis, metabolic disorders, perinatal asphyxia and seizures. Children with neurodevelopmental disorders at three months of birth had an improvement at one year of life.

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