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Factores predictores de mortalidad en ancianos frágiles


 
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Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar

 ISSN 1561-3046

BELAUNDE CLAUSELL, Antonio; LLUIS RAMOS, Guido Emilio; CONSUEGRA IVARS, Geovanys    PILOTO CRUZ, Anabel. Factores predictores de mortalidad en ancianos frágiles. []. , 49, 1   01--2020. ISSN 1561-3046.

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Introducción:

El estado de fragilidad es un síndrome, caracterizado por disminución de la resistencia y de las reservas fisiológicas del adulto mayor. Está relacionado con la ocurrencia de efectos adversos para la salud como: caídas, discapacidad, hospitalización, institucionalización y muerte.

Objetivos:

Determinar factores pronóstico para mortalidad en pacientes ancianos frágiles.

Método:

Estudio observacional, de tipo longitudinal, desarrollado desde diciembre del 2017 a noviembre del 2018. La muestra estuvo conformada por 50 ancianos frágiles, que ingresaron en el servicio de medicina interna del Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Carlos J. Finlay" y que fueron seguidos por 12 meses luego de haber sido dados de alta.

Resultados:

La mortalidad estuvo en el orden de 62 % (IC: 48-76). Por regresión logística y después de ajustar por edad y sexo, resultaron variables independientes asociadas a mortalidad en ancianos frágiles: discapacidad (OR = 13), mala autoevaluación de salud (OR = 6,5) y deterioro cognitivo (OR = 4,3).

Conclusiones:

Los resultados de este estudio proporcionan evidencias para apoyar el uso como predictores de mortalidad en ancianos frágiles, la presencia de deterioro cognitivo, discapacidad y mala autopercepción de salud.

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Introduction:

The state of frailty is a syndrome, characterized by decreased resistance and physiological reserves of the elderly. It is related to the occurrence of adverse health effects such as: falls, disability, hospitalization, institutionalization and death.

Objectives:

To determine prognostic factors for mortality in frail elderly patients.

Method:

Longitudinal type and observational study, developed from December 2017 to November 2018. The sample consisted of 50 frail elderly, who were admitted to the Internal Medicine service of the Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Carlos J. Finlay" and were followed for 12 months afterwards of having been discharged.

Results:

Mortality was in the order of 62% (CI = 48-76). After logistic regression and adjusting for age and sex, independent variables were associated with mortality in frail elderly people: disability (OR = 13), poor health self-assessment (OR = 6.5) and cognitive impairment (OR = 4.3).

Conclusions:

The results of this study provide strong evidence to support the use as predictors of mortality in frail elderly people, the presence of cognitive impairment, disability and poor health self-perception.

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