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Enfermedad periodontal como factor agravante de los pacientes con la COVID-19


 
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Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar

 ISSN 1561-3046

GUERRA DUARTE, Yaday; ESTRADA CASTILLO, Mirkey    DONCEL PEREZ, Clara. Enfermedad periodontal como factor agravante de los pacientes con la COVID-19. []. , 50, 4   01--2021. ISSN 1561-3046.

^a

A finales de diciembre del 2019, fue reportado en Wuhan, China, un nuevo virus causante de una neumonía atípica, denominado SARS-CoV-2, cuya enfermedad se nombró COVID-19. Posteriormente se demostró que los pacientes con comorbilidades asociadas (enfermedades cardiovasculares, cerebrovasculares, vasculares periféricas y diabetes mellitus) evolucionaban de forma tórpida e incluso a la muerte. Se ha demostrado que la periodontitis es un proceso infeccioso local con afectación sistémica y comparte mecanismos fisiopatológicos con dichas enfermedades. Su posible relación se establece mediante la presencia de microorganismos patógenos en las bolsas periodontales, que producen reacciones inmunoinflamatorias sistémicas, mediadas por numerosas citocinas. Las bacteriemias de bajo grado y endotoxemias transitorias, causadas por las bacterias periodontales, son el resultado de las neumonías aspirativas y las complicaciones de enfermedades preexistentes. Estudios recientes de numerosos autores alertan sobre dicho vínculo, motivo por el cual surge la necesidad de investigar sobre el tema y la publicación del artículo de opinión sobre la enfermedad periodontal como factor agravante de los pacientes con la COVID-19. Los autores consideran relevante relacionar la infección por la microflora subgingival y sus efectos sobre diferentes órganos distantes, con los daños provocados por la COVID-19 en el mismo individuo.

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At the end of December 2019, a new virus that causes atypical pneumonia called SARS-CoV-2 was reported in Wuhan, China, whose disease was named COVID-19. Later it was shown that patients with associated comorbidities (cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, peripheral vascular diseases and diabetes mellitus) evolved torpidly and even death. Periodontitis has been shown to be a local infectious process with systemic involvement and shares pathophysiological mechanisms with these pathologies. Its possible relationship is established by the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the periodontal pockets, which produce systemic immunoinflammatory reactions mediated by numerous cytokines. Low-grade bacteremia and transient endotoxemia caused by periodontal bacteria are the result of aspiration pneumonia and complications from pre-existing diseases. Recent studies by numerous authors warn of this link, which is why the idea of ​​research on the subject arose and the publication of this opinion article on periodontal disease as an aggravating factor in patients with COVID-19. Although the possible relationship between periodontitis and severe forms of COVID-19 has not been proven, there is sufficient evidence that allows it to be related to different conditions such as diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. In turn, all of them are related to periodontitis, so it can be assumed that there is a relationship between periodontal disease and COVID-19.

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