Resumen

ACOSTA ROCA, Rosa; MARTINEZ CRUZ, Michel; COLOMER LOPEZ, Adán R  y  RIOS LABRADA, Humberto. Morphoagronomic characterization of a maize population (Zea mays, L.) under open pollination conditions in Batabanó, Mayabeque. cultrop [online]. 2013, vol.34, n.2, pp.52-60. ISSN 0258-5936.

The genetic variability in maize (Zea mays, L.) is due to the same mechanisms operating in populations of organisms in the evolutionary process, both spontaneously and under domestication ways, as well as to the numerous ecological niches and the environmental effects that each climatic condition has on the populations during their adaptation. However, the experiences of the programs of plant breeding developed by farmers in this crop have been little documented. The present work shows evidences about the advantages of a program of plant breeding developed in Cuba, to obtain populations of maize adapted to the low inputs conditions in Batabanó, Mayabeque province. The morphological evaluation showed that it was characterized by high plants, with shafts of medium grosor, leaves of half width and a tendency to have from 1 to 2 ears. They had a good coverage; were long and thin in a conical-cylindrical way, with few willing arrays lightly in hairspring and grains numerous semidents of color orange. It was found that the quantitative characters of grain and cob were in which bigger selection pressure was exerted by, influencing in the determination of the characteristic morphologicals of final population. This characterization coincided with the genetic patterns of the Canilla type. The major results in the yield of poblation «RAUL» with respect to control, should validate the selection made by the farmer, being an indicator of the advantages of the processes of participatory plant breeding in allogamous plants.

Palabras clave : maize; Zea mays; varieties; free pollination; agronomic characters.

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