Introduction:

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of respiratory track infections in children and young adults. Macrolides are the first-line treatment. The rapid emergence of resistance to these antimicrobials has motivated the development of molecular methods for their detection in clinical samples positive for this pathogen.

Objective:

To implement a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method for the detection of macrolide resistance in M. pneumoniae positive clinical samples.

Methods:

An RT-PCR was implemented to detect mutations A2058G and A2059G in 23S rRNA of M. pneumoniae. M. pneumoniae positive clinical samples from 24 patients with respiratory symptoms were analyzed. Sensitivity, specificity, repeatability and reproducibility of the RT-PCR assays were evaluated.

Results:

The RT-PCR assays showed 100% specificity to M. pneumoniae, and 92% sensitivity with a detection limit of 2 copies/µL, equivalent to 10 copies/reaction. Moreover, the repeatability and reproducibility of these results were demonstrated. Wild and mutant genotypes associated to each control were properly identified. Of the clinical samples positive for M. pneumoniae, 77.3% (17/22) were macrolide-sensitive and 22.7% (5/22) were macrolide-resistant.

Conclusions:

The high sensitivity and specificity of the RT-PCR method implemented provides the National Reference Laboratory of Mycoplasmas of the Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí with an effective method for the diagnosis of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae.

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