Resumo

PRADO VIZCAINO, Yalena et al. Pharmacogenetics applied to the treatment of acute lymphoid leukemia. Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter [online]. 2011, vol.27, n.3, pp. 283-290. ISSN 0864-0289.

The biotransformation and elimination enzymes of drugs in patients suffering from acute lymphoid leukemia play a decisive role on the therapeutical effect of anti-neoplastic drugs. The presence and activity of these enzymatic complexes are genetically coded and subjected to allele variations, the frequency of which is variable in the different human populations. This genetic polymorphism has an impact on the therapeutic effectiveness of drugs and determines the lack or the existence of toxicity that may sometimes become lethal. The enzymes called thiopurine-methyltransferase, methylen-tetrahydropholate-reductase and glutathione-transferase are detoxifying systems of some of the chemotherapeutic drugs that are used for the treatment of acute lymphoid leukemia. This paper reviewed the genetic characteristics of the enzymes, the frequency of polymorphisms and the clinical implications of their expression. Similarly, the importance and the benefits of genotyping before the treatment were discussed in order to change the drug doses to maximize the therapeutic effect and reduce toxicity. Pharmacogenetics has experienced great development in the last few years and draws growing interest; the knowledge about and the implementation of this discipline will take us to the customized medicine.

Palavras-chave : pharmacogenetics; genetic polymorphism; acute lymphoid leukemia; thiopurine-methytransferase; methylen-tetrahydrofolate-reductase; glutathione-transferase.

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