Introduction:

Mesenchymal stem cells with self-renewing and multipotential capacity have been identified in adipose tissue. By means of enzymatic digestion and centrifugation of the lipoaspirate a heterogeneous population of cells called vascular stromal fraction is released. It has innumerable therapeutic potentialities in the field of regenerative medicine.

Objective:

To update the scope of stem cells derived from adipose tissue in regenerative therapy.

Method: 38 articles published between 2000 and 2019 in the Scielo, ScienceDirect, Medline and Pubmed databases were reviewed.

Development:

The cells of the vascular stromal fraction are characterized by generating adipose tissue and blood vessels and by the production of growth factors that help in the survival of adipocytes and the formation of a vascular network. The main mechanism of action of stem cells derived from adipose tissue appears to be due to their paracrine action and synergy with endothelial cells. Stem cells derived from adipose tissue have been used in regenerative medicine for the treatment of pathological scars and deforming fibrosis with functional impotence, in the reconstruction of cancer sequelae and in the early closure of bloody areas.

Conclusions:

Lipotransfer is a procedure with a minimum of complications that constitutes one of the most widely used therapeutic options to correct tissue defects, since it is not only a filling medium, but also allows tissue regeneration and restoration. The presence of stem cells in adipose tissue, together with their accessibility, availability and histocompatibility, has motivated their increasingly widespread application in aesthetic, reconstructive and regenerative medicine.

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