Introduction:

Behcet's disease is a chronic autoinflammatory process, of low frequency and unknown etiology that affects arteries and veins of all sizes, where genetic, microbial and immunological factors participate. It presents with oral and genital ulcers and ocular inflammation.

Objective:

To evaluate the immune disorders in a pediatric patient with Behcet's disease.

Case presentation:

A 16-year-old male patient with a clinical diagnosis of Behcet's disease with negative autoimmunity serological markers. Immunoglobulins exhibited normal values. CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+T lymphocyte subpopulations were elevated. The B cells showed normal percentage values, however the CD5+CD19+ subpopulation B was found to be above the reference values. The patient responded favorably in relation to the course of the infections, to the therapy with immune stimulants.

Conclusions:

Treatment must be individualized, taking into account the severity of the affected organ and the recurrence rate. An interdisciplinary group is required to achieve adequate control of the disease.

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