Introduction:

Immunotherapy with T-cells modified with antigen-specific chimeric receptor is a promising treatment for malignant hemopathies. However, the targeted activation of the immune response in certain cases unleashes specific severe and fatal complications.

Objectives:

To describe the monitoring of complications from the use of CAR T-cells in critically ill patients with blood malignancies.

Methods:

A bibliographical-documentary research on the subject was carried out. The SciELO and Pubmed databases of the last five years were consulted.

Conclusions:

Complications derived from the therapy with immunoeffector cells are described, which increase the development of organ failures, through the cytokine release syndrome and the neurological toxicity syndrome. Treatment is based on monitoring and support measures, treatment with anticonvulsants, corticosteroids, and early admission to intensive care.

With adequate monitoring of organ failure derived from chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy, a decreased risk of complications and death in these patients was carried out.

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