Resumo

GARCIA CASTELLANOS, Tersilia et al. Identification and antimicrobial sensitivity of gramnegative bacteria causing pneumonia in HIV/AIDS patients. Rev Cubana Invest Bioméd [online]. 2012, vol.31, n.1, pp.53-62. ISSN 0864-0300.

Gramnegative bacteria are considered to be a common cause of pneumonia in HIV/AIDS patients. The emergence of a large number of resistant microorganisms has made it necessary to use antibiograms to decide what treatment will be applied to these patients. Objectives: identify gramnegative bacteria causing pneumonia in HIV/AIDS patients and determine the antimicrobial sensitivity of the microorganisms isolated. Methods: a prospective descriptive study of 85 patients with HIV/AIDS and presumed diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia was carried out at "Pedro Kouri" Institute applying clinical and radiological criteria. Sputum and blood samples were collected to be cultured. The bacteria isolated and their antimicrobial sensitivity were determined using the mini-Api (bioMérieux) semiautomated system. Results: seventy-four potentially pathogenic bacteria were isolated, of which 32 (43.2 %) were classified as gramnegative. The prevailing ones were Klebsiella pneumoniae (11 strains: 34.3 %), Pseudomonas spp. (8 strains: 25 %) and Escherichia coli (4 strains: 12,5 %). Escherichia coli exhibited the highest resistance percentage. 75 % of the strains were sensitive to amikacin. No resistance was found to meropenem, and more than 50% of the enterobacteria identified, with the exception of E. coli, were sensitive to third-generation cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, amikacin and cotrimoxazol. Pseudomonas spp. showed resistance to cotrimoxazol (87 %) and ticarcillin (75 %). Conclusions: gramnegative bacteria cause pneumonia in HIV/AIDS patients to a considerable extent. There continue to be strains which are resistant to various antimicrobial drugs. However, cephalosporins, quinolones and carbapenemics exhibit adequate activity against these bacteria.

Palavras-chave : gramnegative bacteria; identification; sensitivity; pneumonia; HIV/AIDS patients.

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