Introduction:

Adherence to antiretroviral treatment is important to keep in mind for maintaining the health of patients with HIV/aids aspect. This category is approached by different authors, so an evaluative analysis of their referents approaches from international and national context is necessary.

Objective:

To systematize the term adherence to antiretroviral treatment, considering their relationship in the current health conditions of vulnerable populations such as patients with AIDS.

Methods:

Adherence, treatment, antiretroviral therapy adherence: content analysis of documents, which included original and review articles published from 1997 to 2015 in SciELO, Medisur, medigraphic and redalyc, with the following keywords performed. They were identified and reviewed 40 items, of which 24 were useful and monographs from various magazines that allowed the logical historical analysis of the evolution of the category.

Conclusions:

The inquiry on adherence to antiretroviral treatment allowed operationally define this category, few authors who addressed; however, problems that challenge the health of patients with HIV/aids in the Cuban context condition the need to promote the updating of knowledge in correspondence with the international situation.

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