Abstract

MACHADO, R; SUAREZ, J  and  ALFONSO, Marlen. Morphological and agroproductive characterization of Ricinus communis L. provenances for oil production. Pastos y Forrajes [online]. 2012, vol.35, n.4, pp.381-392. ISSN 0864-0394.

The objective of this work was to characterize two provenances introduced from South America (Planta-2 and Planta-3) and three provenances collected in Cuba (SSCS-5, Colón-1 and Las Tunas), of Ricinus communis L. For such purpose, morphological and agroproductive indicators were considered. Plots measuring 40 m² (vital area) were used, with ten plants. The design was completely randomized and the data were analyzed from descriptive stadigraphs. Planta-2 reached the highest growth rate (2,98 cm/day) and, at 17 months of age, it was superior regarding: stem diameter (17,5 cm); number of primary (45), secondary (41) and tertiary branches (20); and the diameter of primary branches (5,9 cm). SSCS-5, Colón-1 and Las Tunas showed longer racemes, with a higher number of fruits; but they were surpassed by Planta-3 and Planta-2 in fruit weight per raceme (134,9 and 139,0 g, respectively), with larger fruits and seeds. The lesions caused by insects and the degree of infestation by pathogen microorganisms were not representative. The highest seed yield (95,1 kg), fruit yield per plant (5,28 kg) and per area (4 398 kg/ha) and the estimated oil yield per area unit (1 130,2 kg/ha) were detected in Planta-2. These provenances were concluded to have morpho-productive characteristics that differentiate them from each other, and to show relevant particularities for oil production, which is destined not only for biodiesel production, but also for many uses from its derivatives. To conduct further studies on the management of R. communis, particularly in Planta-2, as well as to introduce medium-sized types that facilitate their harvest, is recommended.

Keywords : castor oil; provenance; Ricinus communis L..

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