Resumo

TORRES ZULUETA, Ramona Moraima  e  ALFONSO MARTINEZ, Zelma Iris. Behavior of low birth weight at the "Cerro" Teaching Polyclinic from 2009 to 2010. Rev Cubana Med Gen Integr [online]. 2013, vol.29, n.2, pp.151-159. ISSN 0864-2125.

Background: low birth weight is the most important predictive index of infant mortality and it is stated that it is 20 times higher than in the newborn of adequate weight. Objective: to compare the behavior of low birth weight in newborns in a Polyclinic during the years 2009 and 2010. Method: a comparative descriptive study was conducted in the "Cerro" Teaching Polyclinic, Havana Province, during the years 2009 and 2010. The universe was composed of the 350 live newborns in the year 2009 and the 318 in the year 2010, and the sample was comprised of 23 children with low birth weight in the year 2009 and 21 in the year 2010. Obstetric histories of the mothers were reviewed and some socio-demographic variables were identified. Results: in both years, the maternal age of the higher low birth weight was from 20 to 34 years, with 73,9 and 80,9 %. The risk factors associated to the low weight were: smoking habit, which predominated in both years in the study and was represented by a 60,8 % in 2009 and a 61,9 % in the year 2010; hypertensive disorder, with a 35 % in the year 2010 and a 27,7 % in the year 2009 and, in both years, it was higher in the group of pregnant women with chronic hypertension. Anemia increased considerably in the year 2010 in a 80, 9 %, as compared with a 69,5 % in the year 2009. Conclusions: low birth weight was more frequent in pregnant women from 20 to 34 years of age. The most frequent risk factors associated with low birth weight were: anemia, smoking habit and hypertensive disorders.

Palavras-chave : low birth weight; risk factors; index.

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