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Revista Cubana de Medicina General Integral

Print version ISSN 0864-2125On-line version ISSN 1561-3038

Abstract

CRUZ HERNANDEZ, Jeddú; PEREZ FUNDORA, Arisleydis; YANES QUESADA, Marelys  and  HERNANDEZ GARCIA, Pilar. Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes in Pregnant Women at a Maternity Hospital in Havana. Rev Cubana Med Gen Integr [online]. 2020, vol.36, n.2, e1080.  Epub July 01, 2020. ISSN 0864-2125.

Introduction:

Gestational diabetes is the most frequent endocrine disease of pregnancy and generally appears when there are risk factors.

Objective:

To describe the risk factors for gestational diabetes.

Methods:

Cross-sectional and descriptive study of a database that included 242 women with gestational diabetes, treated at América Arias Gyneco-obstetric Hospital in Havana, in the period 2004-2006. Categorical (dichotomous) variables were analyzed, considered as risk factors for gestational diabetes: diabetes in a first-degree relative, age equal to or over 30 years, excessive pre-pregnancy weight, clinical history of gestational diabetes, fetal macrosomia and unexplained fetal death, pregnancy-related high blood pressure, and at-risk fasting blood glucose. Percentage analysis (determination of relative frequencies) was carried out.

Results:

The mean age was 29.2±5.3 years. The mean body mass index was 27.1±4.2 kg/m2. 96.69% had risk factors; 79.49% of these had more than one risk factor. The most frequent were at-risk fasting blood glucose (64.53%), age equal to or over 30 years (60.26%), and excessive pre-pregnancy weight (51.71%). There was a predominance in manifestation of combined risk factors; manifestation of one risk factor alone occurred only in at-risk fasting blood glucose (14.57%), diabetes in first-degree relative (8.43%), age equal to o over 30 years (7, 80%), and excessive pre-pregnancy weight (5.79%).

Conclusions:

The risk factors for gestational diabetes appeared in the majority of women with the disease, mainly in combination.

Keywords : gestational diabetes; risk factors; selective screening; fasting blood glucose.

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