Introduction:

Osteoarticular infections constitute a group of pathologies of great interest in childhood, due to their frequency and timely management to avoid sequelae. Although some are benign, such as transient synovitis, another group represents a true emergency, for example, osteomyelitis and septic arthritis.

Objective:

To present a bibliographic review on osteoarticular infections in childhood.

Methods:

A search was carried out in MEDLINE, LILACS, MEDES and SciELO databases for articles in English and Spanish. The keywords used were orthopedics, osteomyelitis, infectious arthritis, medical emergencies, pediatrics.

Conclusions:

Acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis must be evaluated quickly and efficiently to improve the prognosis. Currently, the treatment of these diseases involves empirical antibiotic therapy, taking into account the age groups.

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