Introduction:

Healing of diaphyseal fractures is a complex mechanism, regulated by anatomic, biological and mechanical factors. Soft tissue damage, open fractures and other patient-related factors increase the risk of impaired healing. Bone regeneration represents a unique challenge for both physicians and scientists.

Purpose:

To review the biological and mechanical bases of reparative osteogenesis after treatment of long bone fractures.

Methods:

A retrospective literature review was performed of articles on the most recent scientific advances related to the process of the biological bases involved in the process of bone healing.

Development:

Fracture repair involves the spontaneous regeneration of tissues, including blood vessels and bones, to restore injured tissues to their pre-injury state and regain their mechanical stability. The type of healing pathway (direct or indirect) depends on the fracture pattern and the biomechanical stability of the fracture site.

Conclusions:

The treatment of diaphyseal fractures is a problem, involving both the orthopedic surgeon and the patient. Knowledge of the basic principles of biology and the biomechanics of bone healing is essential to choose the best treatment according to the type of fracture and patient.

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