Resumen

LAPIDO POLANCO, Suzel Ivón et al. Alterations of the posterior pole in degenerative myopia patients. Rev Cubana Oftalmol [online]. 2012, vol.25, n.2, pp.288-302. ISSN 0864-2176.

Degenerative myopia is one of the main causes of visual impairment. This is related to disorders in the posterior pole, affecting the neurosensorial retina, the retinal pigmented epithelium and the inner choroidal layers. The slow and progressive course of this condition demands comprehensive assessment and long follow-up, which is a challenging task for ophthalmologists. A review of the articles indexed in PubMed regarding the clinical characteristics of the fundus in patients with degenerative myopia was made to describe the main disorders of the posterior pole of the eyeball. Posterior staphyloma was found among the typical lesions of high myopia, associated with patchy or diffuse chorioretinal atrophy, lacker cracks, choroidal neovascular membranes and macular hemorrhages secondary to them or stemmed from choroidal neovascular membranes. More accurate diagnosis of foveoschisis, macular holes, and more recently dome-shaped macula has been achieved with optical coherence tomography. The degenerative changes of posterior pole seem to be associated each other, but pathogenesis of myopic retinopathy has not been clearly stated, despite the recent technological advances.

Palabras clave : degenerative myopia; posterior staphyloma; choroidal neovascularization; foveoschisis.

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