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Revista Cubana de Salud Pública

versión impresa ISSN 0864-3466versión On-line ISSN 1561-3127

Resumen

GAVIDIA CATALAN, Valentín et al. Proposal of Health literacy through competencies in Compulsory Education. Rev Cubana Salud Pública [online]. 2018, vol.44, n.4, pp.47-60. ISSN 0864-3466.

Introduction:

Health competencies to be acquired by the students through Compulsory Education are yet to be defined.

Objective:

To define the health competencies that citizens must acquire at school and check to what extent ministerial curricular proposals take them into account.

Methods:

To accomplish the first objective, a qualitative study in three phases has been carried out: 1) Identification of health problems/situations that should be known by the students and a proposal for the development of competencies; 2) Delphi study to reach consensus in relation to the proposals of competencies for each health problem/situation; and 3) a meeting of experts to establish agreements on the results obtained by the Delphi method. For the second objective, an analysis of the contents of the curriculum of compulsory education is made.

Results:

Eight areas of Health to be addressed in school were defined: Addictions, Food and Physical Activity, Sexuality, Mental and Emotional Health, Environment, Accidents, Hygiene and Health Promotion, and the problems related to each one. Health Competency was defined and the Sub-competencies for each area. The necessary learning contents to develop each competency were specified; and deficiencies were detected in the ministerial proposals of the curriculum.

Conclusions:

It is necessary to offer a proposal of health competencies to be developed during Compulsory Education, as presented in this paper -considering what students must “know”, “know how to do” and “know how to be”-, that serves as a reference for educators in decision making to plan teaching and choose activities that can be applicable in diverse situations and contexts.

Palabras clave : health competencies; curriculum; compulsory education; health education; health promotion; school health.

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