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Intervención educativa sobre los factores de riesgo de la hipertensión gestacional


 
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Revista Archivo Médico de Camagüey

 ISSN 1025-0255

BOLANOS TEN, Marisol; HERNANDEZ SAEZ, Isbel; GONZALEZ SAEZ, Yoandra    DOLORES BERNARDO, María. Intervención educativa sobre los factores de riesgo de la hipertensión gestacional. []. , 14, 5, pp. 0-0. ISSN 1025-0255.

^les^aFundamento: la enfermedad hipertensiva gravídica del embarazo, es una enfermedad única del embarazo humano. Las alteraciones hipertensivas, especialmente la eclampsia, constituye la causa fundamental de muerte materna en países en vías de desarrollo. Objetivo: elevar el nivel de conocimientos sobre los factores de riesgo de la hipertensión gestacional en embarazadas. Método: se realizó un estudio de intervención educativa en embarazadas atendidas en el Policlínico Universitario Docente Tula Aguilera, municipio Camagüey, provincia Camagüey, desde enero de 2007 hasta enero de 2008. Constituyeron el universo ciento noventa y ocho adolescentes embarazadas, según muestreo  probabilístico se seleccionó una muestra de cincuenta y dos embarazadas, se les aplicó un cuestionario inicial en relación al conocimiento los principales síntomas de hipertensión, factores de riesgo y los cuidados perinatales en las pacientes de riesgo de hipertensión arterial. Resultados: se observó que un bajo por ciento reconocía en la primera encuesta como debía ser la dieta que las consultas perinatales deben iniciarse de forma previa. Casi la totalidad de la muestra reconoció los cuidados perinatales para las consultas perinatales precoz la dieta hiperprotéica, normograsa  y una vigilancia entre la ganancia de peso durante el embarazo. Conclusiones: predominó el desconocimiento  acerca de los principales síntomas de hipertensión, factores de riesgo y los cuidados perinatales en las pacientes de riesgo de hipertensión arterial, lo que se modificó después de haber terminado la intervención educativa.^len^aBackground: gravidic hypertensive disease of pregnancy is a unique disease of human pregnancy. Hypertensive disturbances, especially eclampsia, constitute the fundamental cause of maternal death in developing countries. Objective: to elevate the knowledge level on risk factors of gestational hypertension in pregnant women. Method: an educational intervention study in pregnant women assisted at the Educational University Polyclinic Tula Aguilera, Camagüey municipality, from January 2007 to January 2008. The universe was constituted by one-hundred ninety-eight pregnant adolescents, according to probabilistic sampling fifty-two pregnant women were selected, an initial questionnaire was applied in relation to knowledge, main symptoms of hypertension, risk factors and perinatal cares in patients on risk of arterial hypertension. An educational intervention on the considered aspects of interest was established, three months later were applied to them the same questionnaire. Results were processed in a computed way applying statistical measures of frequency and percent distribution, presenting results in texts and charts. Before the intervention pain was recognized in chest, headache and ringing in the ears as main symptoms. The exaggerated increase of weight, the advanced age and obesity were recognized within the main risk factors. Results: it was observed that a low percent recognized in the first survey how the diet should be, that perinatal consultations should begin in a previous way. Almost the totality of the sample recognized perinatal cares in the precocious perinatal consultations, as well as hiperproteinic and normogrease diet, surveillance among the weight gain during pregnancy. Conclusions: the ignorance prevailed about the main symptoms of hypertension, risk factors and perinatal cares in patients on risk of arterial hypertension, what modified after having finished the educational intervention.

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