Background:

the location of any type of dental prosthesis in the mouth causes unavoidable variations in the oral environment, which forces the tissues to react to adapt to new situations and it may cause lesions considered malignant or premalignant.

Objective:

to describe the influence of dental prostheses as a risk factor for the appearance of premalignant and malignant lesions in the oral cavity.

Methods:

a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the Manuel Antonio de Varona Miranda Teaching Polyclinic of the Sibanicú municipality, in Camagüey province, from January 2016 to April 2018. The universe of study consisted of 88 patients with total and partial acrylic prostheses, referred with suspicion of premalignant or malignant lesions.

Results:

57.9 % of premalignant or malignant lesions developed in the residual alveolar ridge. Of the prostheses in use, 77.2 % were out of adjustment and 23.8 % had some type of fracture. Only 18.7 % of the prosthetic devices were properly sanitized and 43.7 % of the patients in the sample used their prostheses for 24 hours.

Conclusions:

the majority of the lesions were developed in the residual alveolar ridge. A large part of the prosthetic devices in use were not sanitized well, they were used for 24 hours and had an inadequate technical condition.

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