Background:

the acute bronchiolitis is a disease caused by viruses that produced obstruction of the airways in children less than two years old.

Objective:

to determine the factors associated with the development of acute bronchiolitis.

Methods:

a case-control study was made in Guáimaro, Camagüey province, Cuba from June 2015 to January 2017. The cases were 37 children under two years old with diagnostic of bronchiolitis and the same number of children without diagnostic were the controls. The information was obtained through a questionnaire applied to parents of children. The variables analyzed were age, gender, severity, weight at birth, gestational age at birth, childbirth, breastfeeding, family history of atopic disease, siblings in scholar age, nursery assistance, smoker mother during pregnancy and exposition to tobacco smoke in the home.

Results:

there was predominance of the minors of six months, of masculine sex and classified of light. There was significant relationships between bronchiolitis and the smoker mother during pregnancy, absence of exclusive breastfeeding, family history of atopic disease and exposition to tobacco smoke in the home.

Conclusions:

were factors for the development of bronchiolitis: mother smoked during pregnancy, absence of exclusive breastfeeding, family history of atopic disease and exposition to tobacco smoke in the home.

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