Abstract

NARVAEZ-GOMEZ, Eliot Iván. Prevalence of sensitization to airborne allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in southern Bolivia. Vaccimonitor [online]. 2016, vol.25, n.2, pp.49-54. ISSN 1025-028X.

Allergic rhinitis is the most common chronic disease, high health impact and increasing importance in most of the world, the airborne allergens of mites, molds and pollens are the most common triggers of respiratory allergy, so a prevalence study was performed to check skin sensitization using Prick test in patients with allergic rhinitis in southern Bolivia. The study was descriptive in the universe of patients referred to the allergy service in the city of Tarija. 350 patients with a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis between 11-60 years olds were studied, and 18 skin tests each assigned in consecutive order between June 2013 and July 2015 were conducted. As tools for collecting medical history information, registration of patients and a survey compiled and validated in our institution were used. The study variables were: age, sex and skin sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Blomia tropicalis, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cladosporium herbarum, Penicillium notatum, Acer negundo, Betula verrucosa, Cupressus arizonica, Eucalyptus globulus, Salix fragilis, Cynodon dactylon, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia trifida y Chenopodium album. Prick test was considered positive when the hives were ≥3 mm. 6300 Skin tests were performed, with the highest prevalence of sensitization to mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (90%) and Dermatophagoides farinae (66%), followed by the fungus Alternaria alternata (23%) and Chenopodium album pollen (20%), Amaranthus retroflexus (19%) and Salix fragilis (21%). It is concluded that the mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae were the cause of most skin sensitization in patients with allergic rhinitis.

Keywords : allergic rhinitis; mites; molds; pollen.

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