Introduction:

Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome imply a serious prognosis.

Objective:

Systematize essential contents related to the diagnosis and treatment of these medical emergencies.

Method:

In the Faculty of Medical Sciences Guantanamo, between January and July 2019, a narrative review on the subject was made through a search in electronic databases (Virtual Health Library): LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, ClinicalKey, REDALYC, Scopus, Cochrane.

Results:

125 documents were located, and 25 relevant for the purpose of the review were chosen. The information was structured in the following aspects: definition, pathophysiology, etiology, diagnosis and treatment.

Conclusions:

A useful theoretical reference to students and general practitioners was prepared to prepare on the subject. Controversies were identified about the effectiveness of the use of sedative, analgesic, prokinetic, albumin and diuretic drugs, renal replacement therapy and gastric and colonic decompression for medical treatment, the impact of surgical treatments on patient survival and the effect of the patient's comorbidity, the causative disease, the diagnostic-treatment time window in the therapeutic results of these medical emergencies.

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