Introduction:

Low birth weight constitutes in the entire world and populational groups the most important index to determine the possibilities that the newborn has to survive and to have a healthy growth.

Objective:

To identify some social and biological risk factors associated with low birth weight in the health area from 30 de Noviembre Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba during 2016.

Methods:

An analytic study of cases and controls was carried out. The 8 postpartum women who contributed with the same quantity of underweight newborns and as controls 16 of the mothers whose product of the conception had a normal weight in same period were chosen. Among the analyzed variables there were: maternal age, unfavorable obstetric history, associated previous diseases and diseases characterizing pregnancy, gestational age at childbirth and nutritional state.

Results:

Previous diseases and diseases characterizing pregnancy, fundamentally anemia and vaginal infection prevailed in the series; while preterm childbirth had a high statistical significance.

Conclusions:

Biological risk factors with greater association force were malnutrition defect during registration, the previous diseases and those associated with pregnancy; as long as, among the factors with statistical significance prematurity and the short intergenesis prevailed, what did not occur with the unfavorable obstetric history. Correlation existed between gestational age, low birth weight, the presence of preterm childbirths and the slowed intra-uterine growth.

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