Introduction:

The postoperative nausea and vomiting show a high incidence with the laparoscopic procedures and, also, they have been positioned as a marker of quality in anesthesiology.

Objective:

To determine the effectiveness of dexamethasone in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients operated on for gall bladder.

Methods:

A therapeutic intervention was carried out in patients operated on for gall bladder by means of laparoscopy with balanced general anesthesia, at Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teachig General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January to December, 2018. Two groups were conformed: a study group, treated with dexamethasone, and a control group that received a placebo; whose members were selected in same number (50 for each group) by the simple random method.

Results:

In both groups a higher frequency of the 33 to 46 ages and the female sex was obtained. The postoperative nausea were identified in 24.0 % of the study group, while, in the control group, it was higher percentage (52.0). Also the number of patients vomiting diminished when applying dexamethasone, because 90.0 % of those that received it didn't present this adverse reaction in the postoperative period, in comparison with 72.0 % of controls.

Conclusions:

Dexamethasone reduced the appearance of postoperative nausea and vomiting, so that can be effective in the prevention of these secondary effects in patients intervened by laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

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