Introduction:

The retinal vein occlusion constitutes the second cause of vascular disease of the retina, preceded by diabetic retinopathy.

Objective:

To characterize patients with retinal vein occlusion according to epidemiological and clinical variables.

Methods:

A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out on 56 patients with retinal vein occlusion, assisted in the ophthalmological center of "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso” General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from September 2021 to July 2023. Absolute frequencies and percentages were considered as summary measures; mean and standard deviation were determined for the age.

Results:

The groups of predominant ages were 50-59 years and 70 years or over, both in 28.6%. There was a prevalence of the male sex (53.6 %), hypertension as systemic risk factor (76.8 %), occlusion of the retinal central vein of ischemic type (37.5 %) and the cystoid macular edema as a complication (53.6 %). There was a higher number of patients with a better corrected initial visual acuteness; lower than 0.1 (64.3 %) and after 6 months of treatment the highest percentage of patients were between 0.1 and 0.4 (44.6 %).

Conclusions:

The epidemiologic and clinical characteristics in patients with retinal vein occlusion, evidenced that hypertension constituted an important risk factor to develop the disease; where the ischemic damage caused complications and decrease of visual acuteness. Timely treatment allowed the patient's vision to improve.

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