Resumen

LICEA PUIG, Manuel E.; FIGUEREDO SANTANA, Efraín; PERICH AMADOR, Pedro A.  y  CABRERA RODE, Eduardo. Frequency and clinical characteristics of incipient neuropathy in persons recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2. Rev Cubana Endocrinol [online]. 2003, vol.14, n.1. ISSN 1561-2953.

The objective of this paper was to determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of incipient diabetic nephropathy(IDN) in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus of recent diagnosis negatives for pancreatic islet cell antibodies (ICA) and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies(AGAD). One-hundred and three persons with DM2 (negative ICA and AGAD), seen at the Diabetic Care Center, were studied and evaluated according to the following variables: age, sex, smoking, body mass index (BMI); age of onset of diabetes, type of DM treatment, presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and blood pressure as well as glucemia at fasting and postprandial. The study determined ICA, AGAD, glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1), glucemia at fasting and postprandial two hours after breakfast and lunch as well as urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in urine collected for 24 hours. Patients with clinical diabetic nephropathy (UAE ³ 300 mg/L), non-diabetic nephropathy or other causes or conditions leading to increased UAE were excluded. The patients were divided into two groups: normoalbuminuric (UAE £ 20 mg/L) N = 163 and microalbuminuric (incipient DN, UAE >20 a < 300 mg/L) N = 20. IDN in persons recently diagnosed with DM2 was observed in 10,9% of cases (20/183). Statistically significant differences were found when comparing normoalbuminurics to microalbuminurics at ages 52,6 ± 9,9 years vs. 57,5 ± 7,5 years (p< 0,03); their systolic: 127 ± 19,8 vs 139,0 ± 22,9 mmHg (p< 0,01) and diastolic blood pressure: 81,4 ± 11,3 vs 88,0 ± 11,0 mmHg (p < 0,01) as well as their BMI: 27,0 ± 5,0 vs 32,2 ± 6,4 (p< 0,00001). It was observed some sort of DR in 26 patients (20 normoalbuminurics and 6 microalbuminurics. HbA1 was higher in microalbuminurics with 9,4± 8,7% than in normoalbuminurics with 7,2± 1,5% (p < 0,002.) IDN may be present in a high percentage of persons recently diagnosed with DM2. Age, increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, the increase of BMI and raised HbA1 values are the main risk factors associated to IDN. Some of them can be changed if an adequate therapy is applied.

Palabras clave : DIABETIC NEPHROPATHIES [diagnosis]; DIABETES MELLITUS, NON INSULIN DEPENDENT [diagnosis.].