Abstract

GARCIA, Elena Noris et al. Lead levels and DNA damage in children with autistic spectrum disorders. Rev Cubana Hig Epidemiol [online]. 2013, vol.51, n.1, pp.16-26. ISSN 1561-3003.

Introduction:autistic spectrum disorders are considered to be a family of neurodevelopmental alterations characterized by difficulty to communicate and interact socially, as well as stereotyped, repetitive behavior. Though several hypotheses involve genetic and environmental factors in the etiopathogeny of this condition, their actual participation is still unknown. The present study explores the relationship between serum lead levels, DNA damage and the severity of autism. Methods: a study was conducted with 15 children 4-11 years old diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorders and a control group from the same age range. The intelligence quotient was measured by the Terman-Merrill test, and children were classified into two degrees of mental retardation (mild and moderate/severe). Blood lead levels were measured by mass spectrometry, whereas DNA damage was determined in peripheral blood lymphocytes using the alkaline electrophoresis assay (the comet assay). Results: this study did not show any significant difference in lead levels between the groups. DNA damage was greater in autistic patients than in the control group, and the difference was significant (p<0.05) when mental retardation severity was considered. Patients with a moderate/severe disorder showed significantly greater DNA damage than those with mild disorders and the control group. Conclusions: results confirm the presence of DNA damage in patients with autistic spectrum disorders, suggesting that this factor could be related to mental retardation severity.

Keywords : autistic disorder; DNA; damage; lead; the comet assay.

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