Resumen

CALA HERNANDEZ, Odilkys. Characterization of Down syndrome in Pediatric population. Rev Ciencias Médicas [online]. 2013, vol.17, n.4, pp.33-43. ISSN 1561-3194.

Introduction: Down syndrome is a genetic disease that constitutes the first cause of mental retardation. The increase of the quality of life in the population, the development of equipments to the carry out the genetic counselling, the improvement of health services and education which includes the rehabilitation, all these motivate the continuing effort to control the disease. Objective: to characterize Down syndrome from the clinical and epidemiological point of view in pediatric population, Pinar del Rio. Material and Method: a descriptive, longitudinal study was carried out in patients with the diagnosis of Down syndrome and attending at Provincial Center of Medical Genetics, Pinar del Rio. The sample included 110 patients younger than 17 years old, 11 month and 29 days. Clinical histories were reviewed and an informed consent was applied. Results: female sex prevailed; maternal ages from 31 to 35 were in risk for Down syndrome presentation. Ventricular and Atrial septal defects were the most frequent cardiovascular congenital defects. The greatest percentage of cases with abnormal karyotype belonged to a free trisomy. Conclusions: by means of a clinical and epidemiological study a better management of disabling sequels of the disease is achieved, along with scientific necessary data to carry out the genetic counselling. The study comprised 110 patients younger than 18 years old who attended at Provincial Center of Medical Genetics in Pinar del Rio (Cuba) all along 1993-2011.

Palabras clave : Down Síndrome; Family; Inborn genetic diseases.

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