Resumen

ORRACA CASTILLO, Odalys et al. Perinatal and Postnatal Factors Related with Bronchial Asthma in Pinar del Río Children. Rev Ciencias Médicas [online]. 2014, vol.18, n.3, pp. 375-387. ISSN 1561-3194.

Introduction: asthma is a disease that reminds physicians of the importance of clinical and epidemiological elements in the patient’s recognition. The disease appears by genetic and environmental factors. Objective: to describe the perinatal and postnatal factors for bronchial asthma in Pinar del Río pediatric patients. Material and method: a descriptive study was conducted in Pinar del Rio Province during the period from January to June 2010. 585 asthmatic patients in pediatric ages were chosen, by stratified probability sampling, proportional to the patient population of the province’s towns. We considered each municipality as stratum. The systematic sampling technique was used. The absolute and relative frequencies of the studied qualitative variables were calculated. Results: 10.8% of the mothers were smokers during pregnancy. 6.7% and 39.5% of the children were active and passive smokers, respectively. 34.2% of asthmatic children maintained exclusive breastfeeding up to three months. Rhinitis ranked first (55%) amongst allergic co-morbidities. 73.2% of the patients had colds, followed by tonsillitis and parasitic infections. Conclusions: smoking (passive and active), living with pets, early and excessive consumption of cow's milk with the early retirement of exclusive breastfeeding, and respiratory infections, as part of the patient’s personal medical history, constitute altogether perinatal and postnatal factors related with the existence of asthmatic children in Pinar the Río, in which rhinitis and dermatitis were associated as part of the atopic natural history.

Palabras clave : Asthma; Respiratory tract infections; Smoking.

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