Introduction:

chronic kidney disease is currently a worldwide health problem. Since the introduction of renal replacement therapy as a treatment for these patients, the number of patients with chronic kidney disease has been increasing and they require a safe and durable vascular access.

Objective:

to characterize patients with chronic renal failure who underwent vascular access for hemodialysis at Abel Santamaria Cuadrado General Teaching Hospital in the period 2016-2020.

Methods:

an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted that included 115 patients intentionally chosen, meeting the inclusion criteria and undergoing vascular access for hemodialysis.

Results:

male patients between 50 and 70 years old predominated, represented by 77 %; there was a predominance of patients with hypertensive nephropathy (63,48 %) in both male (41,74 %) and female (21,74 %); 79 % of the patients did not attend for timely medical care; the first surgery was performed after starting hemodialysis through a central venous catheter; only 21 % had permanent vascular access initially.

Conclusions:

prevalence of male sex and hypertensive nephropathy as primary cause of chronic renal failure and hemodialysis. Most of patients in their first hemodialysis did not have permanent vascular access, being necessary to refer them to the Angiology specialty in pre-dialysis stages.

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