Introduction:

the spread of multi-resistant microorganisms in the hospital is a major epidemiological and therapeutic problem that particularly affects critical patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit.

Objective:

to describe the behavior of nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance in the Intensive Care Unit.

Materials and Methods:

a descriptive, observational and prospective study was carried out in the Intensive Care Unit of the Teaching Clinic-Surgical Hospital Faustino Pérez Hernández, during the first half of 2020. The universe was formed by 102 patients who entered the Intensive Care Unit during the studied period, to whom microbiological studies were carried out. The analyzed variables were the following: causes of admission, age, nosocomial infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, germs, antimicrobial resistance and mortality. The results were expressed in tables and percentage charts.

Results:

Male sex showed the highest number of nosocomial infection compared to the female, at different ages of life. The most common cause of admission was polytrauma. The most common site of nosocomial infection was the airway. Germs like fermentative Gram-negative bacilli and enterobacteria predominated. Antibiotics such as beta-lactamase inhibitors, other kinds of penicillin, quinolones, cephalosporin, aminoglycosides and meropenen have acquired a higher percent of resistance.

Conclusions:

nosocomial infection caused by bacteria that have developed multi-resistance to strategic antibiotics is a problem within the Intensive Care Unit, associated to mechanical ventilation, and leads to high mortality.

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