Resumen

RAMIREZ ZALDIVAR, Maicelys et al. Nosocomial infections behavior in Intensive Care Unit in 5 years (2005 - 2009). Medisur [online]. 2011, vol.9, n.5, pp.467-473. ISSN 1727-897X.

Background: Sepsis-related mortality in critically ill patients is often high. When a patient dies in the intensive care unit, this is more likely to be a result of a sepsis than of any other cause. Objective: To describe the behavior of nosocomial infections in the Intensive Care Unit. Methods: Retrospective case series study conducted at the General University Hospital Vladimir I. Lenin, in Holguín, during the five years period from 2005 to 2009. A number of 468 patients that were diagnosed with nosocomial infections after 48 hours of admission, having presented no previous infections, were included. Data were obtained from the logbook for nosocomial infections and rates according to year and month, as well as to the most common place of infection (with an assessment of respiratory infections) and most frequently isolated germs were determined. Through the Mann-Kendall test for a 95% confidence, it was also determined whether there was any specific trend in the rates. Results: The average rate of infection was 22.5. The average number of infections was higher in the warm, humid months of summer (above 22%, p = 0.28). The most frequent allocation was the respiratory system (257/54, 9%), being mechanical ventilation associated pneumonia (126/49%) the most common condition. The average rate of pneumonia per 1 000 days of ventilation was 20.3. Multidrug-resistant gram-negatives were the most frequently isolated bacteria, being acinetobacter baumannii the predominating ones (42 in isolation, 17 in blood cultures). Conclusions: mechanical ventilation associated pneumonia and respiratory allocation of nosocomial infections were predominant.

Palabras clave : cross infection; epidemiology; intensive care units.