Background

timely recognition of certain risk factors helps to identify COVID-19 infection at an early stage, which, together with interdisciplinary and intersectoral participation, allows for the implementation of better strategies and reduction of morbidity and mortality.

Objective

to determine the risk factors related to the appearance of COVID-19.

Methods: a case-control study was carried out, which included patients treated at the Turcios Lima Community Polyclinic, in Pinar del Río, from 2020 to 2021. The sample selection was random 3:6 (3000 positive cases of COVID-19/6000 controls without the disease), matched by age and sex. Statistical analysis was based on a multivariate strategy, calculation of the Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and the Chi Square test, with a statistical significance level of p<0.05.

Results

the most frequent risk factors were: male sex (X2=8.5900; p<0.001), urban residence (X2=509.03; p<0.001) and occupation as a student or worker (X2=199 .93, p<0.001); as well as personal medical history of diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, bronchial asthma, heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Conclusions

although sex, place of residence, occupation, and personal medical history were identified as risk factors related to COVID-19, information about the impact of other factors is still limited and requires further study.

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