Introduction:

Lymphoid nodular hyperplasia of the gastrointestinal tract is an uncommon entity with diverse clinical manifestations, which is more frequent in the pediatric age.

Objective:

To characterize clinically, endoscopically, and histologically, those pediatric patients with lymphoid hyperplasia of the colon and terminal ileum diagnosed in the Institute of Gastroenterology.

Material and Methods:

A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out during the period between 2014 and 2016 in the Institute of Gastroenterology. The sample consisted of 50 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic, clinical, endoscopic and histological variables were evaluated, as well as the behavior of comorbidity with malignant diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, giardiasis, disorders of the humoral immune response and food allergies.

Results:

The male sex, the age group between 7-10 years, and the white skin color were the most frequent. Rectal bleeding was the main symptom (62%), and the location of the lesions in the terminal ileum was observed in 69% of the patients. There was no relationship between lymphoid hyperplasia and malignant disease, but three patients were diagnosed with lymphoid hyperplasia of the terminal ileum, and ulcerative colitis. 74% of the biopsies presented a nodular variety, and 60% of the patients were diagnosed with Giardia lamblia; the cases that were not immunocompromised prevailed in the evaluation of humoral immune response (78%); the Prick Test was positive in 60% of children, especially to cow's milk.

Conclusions:

The predominant clinical manifestation was rectal bleeding; the localization was in the ileum, which was seen by endoscopic procedure; and the nodular form was demonstrated by histology. We did not find comorbidities with malignant diseases, and allergic and parasitic disorders were more frequently diagnosed than immunological alterations.

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