Introduction:

The effectiveness of health services and the optimization of treatments require adequate patients´ adherence to treatment.

Objectives:

To characterize, according to different levels, the therapeutic adherence in patients with chronic renal insufficiency on hemodialysis and describe the factors that condition it.

Material and methods:

A pioneer study about this topic was carried out in Cuba. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 75 patients on dialytic treatment assisted in Celia Sánchez Manduley Hospital in the municipality of Manzanillo, Granma in the year 2014. The “MBG Questionnaire for the evaluation of therapeutic adherence", a survey questionnaire to find out the factors that condition it, and a semi-structured interview were used. Data processing was carried out by means of a percentage analysis. Ethical aspects such as confidentiality, privacy, and consent for participation were taken into account.

Results:

The male sex, ages between 50-59 years, and pre-university education level predominated in the study. Partial adherence was found in 56% of the persons studied. Factors like knowledge of the disease, beliefs about the benefits of treatment, enough perceived social support, and satisfaction with the care received were not described as conditioning factors on adherence. The perception of difficult treatment was a factor described as condition on adherence. The most complex indications perceived were liquids restriction and monitoring of a suitable diet.

Conclusions:

The adherence to the dialytic treatment was evident with prevalence of the partial level; its deficiency is linked to the complexity of treatment.

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