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Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas

On-line version ISSN 1729-519X

Abstract

SANCHEZ DELGADO, Julio Armando  and  SANCHEZ LARA, Nailé Edita. Familial aggregation and risk factors for bronchial asthma in affected individuals. Rev haban cienc méd [online]. 2021, vol.20, n.6, e4139.  Epub Dec 10, 2021. ISSN 1729-519X.

Introduction:

Familial aggregation of asthma has been recognized since 1860 and observed in several generations in one family.

Objective:

To determine familial aggregation of bronchial asthma as well as its risk factors.

Material and

Methods: An observational, analytical, longitudinal, and retrospective case-control study was conducted on the population belonging to “Darío Calzadilla” health area in Banes, Holguín province, from October 2020 to March 2021. The universe consisted of all the individuals diagnosed and their families. A sample composed of 77 cases was obtained by simple random sampling. The control group was formed at a ratio of 3:1, including 231 individuals without previous history of the disease. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The following stadigraphs were used: Chi-square test, Odds Ratio (OR), and confidence interval. The variables analyzed included age, degree of consanguinity, and risk factors. The family tree was obtained. Bioethical principles were fulfilled.

Results:

The first-degree relatives (47 individuals; 17 %) and second-degree (23 individuals; 4,3 %) of consanguinity showed a higher incidence of the disease. The age group 40-49 years (51 individuals; 22,8 %) and 30-39 years (32 individuals; 22,3 %), resulted to be the most affected. The risk factors evidenced an association with the disease (X2=111,15 p≤0,001). The smoking habit (X2=132,9 OR=6,18 95 % CI (4,49; 8,51)) and family history of the disease (X2=13,6 OR=1,73 95 % CI (1,29; 2,32)) expressed a highly significant association. Familial aggregation of the disease was demonstrated (X2=185,32 OR=9,97 95 % CI (6,7;14,84)).

Conclusions:

Bronchial asthma is a complex, multifactorial, polygenic disease with confirmed familial aggregation.

Keywords : Bronchial asthma; familial aggregation; genetic risk; risk factors; inheritance; genes.

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