Introduction:

Research on the clinical and neuropsychological characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder report a heterogeneous and atypical profile. Treatment for these children is diverse and pharmacotherapy is a key element for symptom control.

Objective:

To describe the clinical and neuropsychological characteristics in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Material and Methods:

Observational, descriptive study of 20 patients between 2-6 years old with primary autism spectrum disorder, evaluated in the Neuropsychology Service of the International Center for Neurological Restoration, in the period January-December 2022. Demographic, clinical and neuropsychological variables were analyzed using the Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and the Brunet-Lézine psychomotor test. Descriptive statistics was used: for quantitative variables (mean, standard deviation) and for qualitative variables (absolute frequencies and percentage).

Results:

Moderate severity predominated (85%), moderate to severe impairment of the developmental coefficient (60%), severe language impairment (60%), sleep disorder (25%) and 80% responded to carbamazepine.

Conclusions:

Neuropsychological alterations and social limitations of moderate and severe intensity were confirmed in children with autism spectrum disorder, contributing to the evidence already reported in other studies, although it must be taken into consideration that the research was based on a small case series and was carried out in a tertiary health institution. It is recommended to develop studies aimed at validating the efficacy of carbamazepine.