Resumen

ESPINOZA FREIRE, Eudaldo Enrique. Presence of the problemic methods in the basic education. Rev. Mendive [online]. 2018, vol.16, n.2, pp. 262-277. ISSN 1815-7696.

The new educational paradigms use methods that place the student at the center of the teaching-learning process; among them are the problematic methods; However, there are still shortcomings in their use. The purpose of this study was to characterize the use of these in Machala basic education schools. The methodological strategy was systematized through the use of methods: scientific observation, hermeneutics and statistics. The data were collected through: observation guide, in-depth interviews with teachers and student surveys. We counted on the collaboration of five educational centers selected for the possibilities offered for the study; the sample consisted of 25 teachers and 60 students selected through stratified sampling in these centers. The investigations made allowed to conclude that: the problematic methods are little used in the classes; teachers recognize the value of problem teaching as a way of contributing to the development of cognitive independence, but in general they do not apply it due to theoretical and methodological ignorance, as a result, students do not develop the capacity for cognitive independence.

Palabras clave : problem-solving methods; problem-solving; cognitive independence; basic education.

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