Resumo

VILLARINO FERNANDEZ, Luisa  e  RIOS HERNANDEZ, Arcadio. Fundamentation of low potence tractors in tropical greenhouses. Rev Cie Téc Agr [online]. 2013, vol.22, suppl.1, pp.22-30. ISSN 2071-0054.

Protected crops consist of the use of the so called ¨tropical greenhouses¨ that allow the production of vegetables during the whole year, mainly in the hottest months. This productive system is important, because is aimed to guarantee the supply of fresh vegetables of great quality for export, tourism and population. Today, protected crops are recognized in the world as an advanced agricultural technology. It´s a relative new system, and being its characteristics are different from the production in open areas, there are no suitable implements, machines and technologies in Cuba to perform cropping activities due to the widely use of tractors of medium and high power. The objective of this paper is to determine the fulfillment of technical and agro technical requirements, including economical-managing and technological indicators of low power tractors to develop different labors such as deep tillage, ploughing, clods crushing, crossing, and soil bed forming. The experimental area chosen for this research was a covered cropping installation model BK-2 widely used in Cuba, and as an energetic source were used the Carraro and MTZ-321 tractors. The house was designed to get yields of approximately 60 ton/ha of vegetables and consists of tunnel´s modules of 540 m² placed in 1 ha with the objective of making a better management of the irrigation system, machinery and electric power. A methodology was prepared for the experiment, based in the Technical normative for this kind of research. The tractors used were the non-articulated ones and for they was calculated a strip for turn off of 3,84 to 4,96 m, needed in the covered cropping houses. As results was determined that the productivity obtained by both tractors are similar with the implements used. There are no important differences between the annual labor expenses, but as regard as the transferred expenses the MTZ-321 exceed the Carraro in 33% to 50%, due to higher fuel consumption. All of them fulfilled the agrotechnical exigencies.

Palavras-chave : tropical greenhouse; tractor.

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