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Thermodynamic Evaluation of Using Ethanol-Gasoline Blends in Spark Ignition Engine


 
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Revista Ciencias Técnicas Agropecuarias

 ISSN 2071-0054

REYES SUAREZ, Yarian; MOREJON MESA, Yanoy    HERNANDEZ HERRANZ, Abel. Thermodynamic Evaluation of Using Ethanol-Gasoline Blends in Spark Ignition Engine. []. , 29, 2, pp.24-31.   01--2020. ISSN 2071-0054.

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The present investigation was developed in the Engines Laboratory that belongs to the Faculty of Technical Sciences, in the Agrarian University of the Havana (UNAH). For its development a spark ignition engine, Jacto model, was used. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate thermodynamically the use of blends ethanol-gasoline. To achieve the outlined objective, different percentages of ethanol were added to the gasoline (E-10%; E-15%; E-20%; E-25%), to carry out an incomplete combustion with coefficient of excess of air =0,85 and an complete combustion with coefficient of excess of air =1,5, for the different percentages of ethanol. Among the main results obtained it was evidenced that when using pure gasoline, the necessary air-fuel rate to achieve the combustion, is bigger than when blends are used with ethanol, because ethanol contains oxygen, and that impoverishes the blend and guarantees a better quality in the combustion process. On the other hand, it was verified that for E-10 and E-15 blends, a better environmental and energy behaviour was obtained due to the increment of the octane rating or antiexplosive capacity of the fuel blends used which improves the quality of the combustion, although decreases the energy power during the explosion (detonation).

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La presente investigación se desarrolló en el Laboratorio de Motores de la Facultad de Ciencias Técnicas, Universidad Agraria de la Habana (UNAH). Para su desarrollo se utilizó un motor de encendido por chispa de dos tiempos, modelo Jacto. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar termodinámicamente el empleo de mezclas etanol-gasolina en motores de encendido por chispa. Para lograr el objetivo planteado, se añadieron diferentes porcientos de etanol a la gasolina (E-10%; E-15%; E-20%; E-25%), realizándose una combustión incompleta con coeficiente de exceso de aire = 0,85 y una combustión completa con coeficiente de exceso de aire = 1,5, para los distintos porcentajes de etanol. Entre los principales resultados obtenidos se evidenció que, al emplear gasolina pura, la relación aire-combustible necesaria para lograr la combustión, es mayor que cuando se emplean mezclas con etanol, lo cual está dado, a que el etanol contiene oxígeno, aspecto que empobrece la mezcla y garantiza una mejor calidad en el proceso de combustión. Por otro lado, se pudo constatar que para las mezclas E-10 y E-15, se obtuvo un mejor comportamiento ambiental y energético, lo cual se debe, al incremento del octanaje, o sea, la capacidad antidetonante de la mezcla combustible empleada, aspecto que mejora la calidad de la combustión, aunque se reduce el poder energético durante la explosión (detonación).

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