Objective:

The transition between Early Childhood Education and Basic Education is a problem identified in current pedagogical practices and theory. In this context, the basis for the neuroscientific understanding of literacy teaching is a persistent epistemological bias that is still weakly addressed in research. Consequently, this paper aims at constructing a theoretical framework of the reading and writing teaching process based on a neuroscientific perspective in the educational transition between preschool and first basic education.

Method:

The foundations presented arise from the critical-reflexive review of scientific publications published in the 2019-2023 period, focused on Scopus, Web of Science, DOAJ or Dialnet indexes (both English and Spanish versions).

Results:

The logical and argumentative structuring provided the construction of three cores of knowledge referred to: 1) the conceptualization of the educational transition and associated terms; 2) the neurobiological bases of reading and writing in childhood; and, 3) cognitive predictors and models of the reading process.

Conclusion:

The main scientific value of this text lies in providing neuroscientific knowledge for making pedagogical decisions regarding the teaching of reading and writing in the educational transition process.