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Diseño y validación de la escala pronóstica cubana PREDICMED para estratificar el riesgo de mediastinitis postoperatoria


 
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CorSalud

 ISSN 2078-7170

BERMUDEZ YERA, Gustavo de J. et al. Diseño y validación de la escala pronóstica cubana PREDICMED para estratificar el riesgo de mediastinitis postoperatoria. []. , 12, 4, pp. 392-401.   01--2020. ISSN 2078-7170.

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Introducción:

La predicción de fenómenos en las ciencias médicas mediante escalas pronósticas constituye una herramienta valiosa en la actualidad y deben incluirse en el proceso de toma de decisiones. Pronosticar la mediastinitis postoperatoria permite disponer de recursos para su prevención.

Objetivo:

Construir una escala pronóstica para estratificar el riesgo de padecer mediastinitis postoperatoria.

Método:

Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles para los factores de riesgo de mediastinitis postoperatoria en el Cardiocentro Ernesto Guevara de Santa Clara, Cuba. Luego de la regresión logística se obtuvo el modelo y, a partir de este, se incluyeron y ponderaron los predictores para obtener la escala cubana pronóstica de mediastinitis postoperatoria: PREDICMED, que se validó por diversos métodos.

Resultados:

Esta escala se obtuvo con seis predictores y dos estratos de riesgo. Se analizó su rendimiento mediante ajuste, calibración y determinación de su poder discriminante, con buenos resultados. Se realizó validación interna por el método de división de datos y se comparó su capacidad en ambos subconjuntos (desarrollo y validación) sin diferencias. Se probó su buena validez de constructo, al no existir diferencias entre las probabilidades predichas y las observadas. También se analizó su validez de contenido mediante expertos. Por último, se determinó su validez de criterio al comparar con otra escala similar (MEDSCORE). PREDICMED presentó muy buena capacidad discriminatoria (área bajo la curva 0,962) y elevados valores de sensibilidad (84,62%) y especificidad (92,31%).

Conclusiones:

La escala pronóstica cubana PREDICMED, para estratificar el riesgo de mediastinitis postoperatoria, mostró buenos parámetros de validación y logró estratificar el riesgo en no alto y alto.

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Introduction:

Phenomena prediction through prognostic scales is a valuable tool in medical sciences nowadays and it should be included in the decision-making process. Predicting postoperative mediastinitis allows to count on resources for its prevention.

Objective:

To build a prognostic scale to stratify the risk of suffering from postoperative mediastinitis.

Method:

A case-control study for the risk factors of postoperative mediastinitis was carried out at the Cardiocentro Ernesto Guevara from Santa Clara, Cuba. After the logistic regression, the model was obtained and from it, the predictors to obtain the Cuban prognostic scale of postoperative mediastinitis PREDICMED were included and weighted, which was validated through several methods.

Results:

This scale was obtained, counting on six predictors and two risk strata. Its performance was analyzed through adjustment, calibration and determination of its discriminating capacity, showing good results. Internal validation was carried out through the data division method and its capacity was compared in both subsets (development and validation) showing no differences. Its good construct validity was demonstrated, since there were no differences between the predicted and the observed probabilities. Its contents validity was also analyzed by experts. Finally, its criteria validity was determined when compared with another similar scale (Medscore). PREDICMED showed a very good discriminatory capacity (area under the curve 0.962) as well as high values of sensitivity (84.62%) and specificity (92.31%).

Conclusions:

The Cuban prognostic scale PREDICMED, to stratify the risk of postoperative mediastinitis showed good validation parameters and it was able to stratify the risk in not high and high.

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