Resumo

OCANA NAPOLES, Leyanis; RODRIGUEZ SALGUEIRO, Sandra  e  OYARZABAL YERA, Ambar. New approaches to Acute Kidney Injury. Rev. CENIC Cienc. Biol [online]. 2020, vol.51, n.2, pp.141-158.  Epub 01-Ago-2020. ISSN 2221-2450.

Acute Kidney Injury is a disease that is characterized by a deterioration of renal function and represents a global health problem due to morbidity and mortality associated with its prevalence. Currently, there is no effective treatment that prevents its development or avoids its sequelae. The objective of the present work is to update the knowledge and terminology of Acute Kidney Injury in terms of: designation, types, pathophysiology, histopathological changes, most used animal models and treatments. The term Acute Kidney Injury is used to define this disease and the three types of Acute Kidney Injury (functional or prerenal, intrinsic or renal and obstructive or postrenal) are characterized. The pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury, in which oxidative stress and inflammatory response play a key role, is explained. The histopathological changes that occur in the renal parenchyma during the intrinsic or renal Acute Kidney Injury are described, the most characteristic being acute tubular injury. On the other hand, the contribution of the animal models of ischemia/reperfusion and nephrotoxicity to the identification of nephroprotective candidates from synthetic and natural antioxidant substances is explained. It is concluded that, in this current context, it is necessary to address the new approaches to the development and progression of Acute Kidney Injury and the new safer and more effective therapeutic alternatives.

Palavras-chave : Acute Kidney Injury; physiopathology; histopathology; animal models; ischemia/reperfusion; nephrotoxicity.

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