Introduction:

The ameloblastoma is the most frequent odontogenic tumor in clinical practice.

Objectives:

To describe the characteristics of mandibular ameloblastoma of big dimensions and to evaluate the results of surgical treatment.

Methods:

A descriptive study of 18 patients with mandibular ameloblastoma who underwent a surgical operation was conducted. The exeresis of the mandibular segment affected was carried out as well as an immediate autologous bone graft reconstruction.

Results:

Of the 18 patients with histologic diagnosis of mandibular ameloblastoma, the fourth decade of life (66,7 %) prevailed; with slight prevalence of males (55,5 %). The radiolucid multiquistic image prevailed in the sample and the biggest localization was in mandibular body-angle-branch (55,5 %). The most frequent histologic pattern was the follicular one. The resection of the mandibular segment affected was performed as well as an immediate autologous bone graft reconstruction. The graft was from the fibula in 14 patients and from the iliac crest in 4 patients. The complications were the communication with the buccal cavity (11,1 %), and sepsis of the facial surgical wound (5,5 %). Conclusions: The results yielded by radical surgery and immediate reconstruction as surgical treatment of sizable mandibular ameloblastomas attest to the convenience of this treatment as a secure and promising procedure.

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