Servicios personalizados
Inglés (pdf)
Articulo en XML
Referencias del artículo
Enviar articulo por email
Citado por SciELO 
Similares en
SciELO 
Permalink
Introduction
The Azerbaijani pedagogical press has collected rich materials on the necessary scientific and intellectual potential of all events in the educational process of the country, the history of our school and education.
"AJES Journal" journal takes the leading place among the pedagogical journals published since the 20s of the XX century. This is evidenced by the fact that it is the longest-lived journal and continues to operate to this day.
The publication history of the "AJES Journal" dates back to 1924. The journal, which has a lifespan of almost a century, is one of the best pedagogical publications. The most talented and well-known pedagogues and leading teachers of the time have gathered around the "AJES Journal", which is the center of our pedagogical thought. The choice of the journal as an object of research is due to the breadth of its scope and coverage of the past pedagogical heritage, pedagogical practice on a scientific and pedagogical basis. The main chronological framework of the study covers the years 1924-1991.
As sources of research, the pedagogical journals of the 1920s were "People's Enlightenment" (1920), "Education and Culture" (1923-1927), "People's Teacher" (1924), "Educator" (1925-1929), "On Communist Education" ”(1931-1934) were selected as pedagogical journals. In addition, the journals "New School" (1924-1930) and "Aid to Teacher" were involved in the study as the main source. These last two journals were later replaced by the "AJES Journal", which has been running since 1943. The definition of the "Azerbaijani school" as an object in our research is that most of the articles published in the journal are still relevant today. The scientific and pedagogical articles published in the journal not only tell about the history of our rich pedagogical thought, but also reflect the problems of our time.
"AJES Journal" is considered as the main line of pedagogical science, pedagogical thought, its historical development, historical practices, norms, rules, values covering the development process of national education have found their expression.
The long tradition of pedagogical thought in Azerbaijan and the scientific and pedagogical experience of the twentieth century show that the pedagogical press is the most important tool in the study of pedagogical science and pedagogical thought, and it can perform its functions through the most advanced pedagogical journals. It is the pedagogical press that keeps the classical education system alive. The "AJES Journal" journal has taken a leading position in fulfilling these responsibilities in Azerbaijan. In the "AJES Journal" consistent attention was paid to the solution of the problems of formation of the existing traditions of our pedagogical science and pedagogical thought, professionalism was shown in revealing the achievements of the past in the directions of the education system.
Under the Soviet ideological system, it was not easy to take advantage of the rich national traditions and added achievements. Therefore, no initiative was taken to select the history of the pedagogical press, including the "AJES Journal" as a research object as a journal. Such scientific research was possible only in the years of independence.
Speaking about the goals and objectives of the research, it should be noted that the main purpose of the research is to determine the path of the very rich and interesting history of pedagogical thought in Azerbaijan, to create a scientific picture of the research object and evaluate its follow-up. To achieve this goal, the role and place of our pedagogical journals, which include the first stages of the study of our pedagogical thought, were analyzed. Pedagogical journals ("People's Enlightenment", "Education and Culture", "People's Teacher", "Pedagog"), later published journals "New School", "Aid to Teacher", "For Communist Education", Finally, the most important articles in the "AJES Journal" were analyzed. There are articles devoted to the problems of the theory and practice of education, acute problems and events of the education system in accordance with the students of the time, and even polemically described articles, the attitude to the structural and functional features of the genesis of the education system (Ahmadov, 2019).
Although some work in the field of research and application of Azerbaijani pedagogical thought and pedagogical heritage of classical pedagogues began in the 1920s, the content of these studies expanded over the years and began in the late 1930s. These searches allow us to determine the place and importance of the pedagogical press in the development of our pedagogical thought. It facilitated research on the state of our education, traditions and innovations, and various approaches to studying the history and pedagogical process. For this purpose, first of all, in the early twentieth century and then in the 20s and 30s, it became necessary to analyze the materials related to pedagogical activity. The main purpose is to determine the role, place and importance of the "AJES Journal" journal in the history of the national pedagogical press, in the study of our pedagogical thought. The impact of this journal on the development of the Azerbaijani education system is undeniable. In this regard, the source database, publications related to the research problem were studied, as a result of which it was possible to develop the research systematically.
The emergence of the pedagogical press as one of the factors determining the dynamics of the development of pedagogical ideas and school practice on various issues, regardless of its size, has helped to guide our pedagogical thinking, including individual pedagogical journals and newspapers.
“At the end of the 19th century, Azerbaijani pedagogues and progressive intellectuals tried to open national schools and create pedagogical media outlets in the mother tongue. They are “Fikir” (Alexey Osipovich Chernyayevsky), “Jam Marifat” (Sultan Majid Ganizadeh), “Taza Khabar” (Nariman Narimanov), “Novruz” (Jalil Mammadguluzadeh), “Sovgat” (Sultan Majid Ganizadeh, Nariman Narimanov), Nubar ”(Sultan Majid Ganizadeh),“ School ”(Nariman Narimanov).
Socio-political events in the country in the early twentieth century mobilized progressive forces. At that time, "East-Russian" (1903-1904), "Life" (1905-1906), "Molla Nasreddin" (1906-1931), "Evolution" (1906-1907), "Irshad" (1906) were published one after another. -1907) and so on. Dozens of newspapers and journals of various professions began to be published. The first pedagogical journals of Azerbaijan were launched against the background of these events, one after another the journals "Debistan" (1906-1908), "Rahbar" (1906), "Maktab" (1911-1918) were published. "Debistan" was published by Ali Iskander Jafarzadeh and Mammadhasan Efendizade, "Leader" by Mahmud Mahmudbeyov, "School" by Gafur Rashad Mirzazade and Abdurrahman Tofig Efendizade.
Although some conservative, limited-minded articles were published in these journals, they were largely progressive. H.S. Zardabi, F.A. Kocharli, R.I. Efendiyev, M.A. Sabir, A.Sh. Health, S.M. Ganizade, F.R. Agazade and others. were operating (Humeyir, 2022).
In 1906, only 4 issues of "Rahbar" journal near "Debistan" were published. The journal "Rahbar" published articles on education, social issues, examples of Azerbaijani world and Russian literature. The "leader" was mainly democratic. This journal has played an important role in the development of pedagogical and children's literature in Azerbaijan, in the dissemination of general education ideas. In general, the "Leader" with his useful advice closely assists educators and teachers, served the growth of the younger generation with innovative ideas.
The "Leader", who took a mostly correct position on a number of political issues, was also directly involved in the ongoing debates about school and science.
The pages of the "Leader" published articles exclusively on school and educational work, education. SMQanizadeh's articles on a number of pedagogical issues, children's psychological characteristics, interesting stories on science, education, reading and the mental and moral qualities of young people were also published here.
N.Narimanov began to think about the publication of the "School" journal in the first year of the century (Lisa & Vafa, 2014). However, its publication was possible in 1911. Published in Baku every two weeks in the Azerbaijani language, the journal was scientific-pedagogical, literary-artistic and democratic.
From the first issue to the last issue of the journal "School" made efforts to educate the younger generation, to promote the implementation of advanced ideas for education, to highlight the most important pedagogical issues. The journal severely criticized the old school's teaching methods. It also provided information and methodological instructions on individual subjects.
The "School" journal, which has a wide and diverse range of topics, deserves research and promotion today as a valuable treasure that enriches our pedagogical history.
New and long-lived pedagogical media outlets were established in Azerbaijan in the 1920s. In October 1920, the journal "People's Enlightenment" of the Azerbaijan IFC was published. The journal, which has only one issue, opened with a headline, "Invitation to Enlightenment." The author of the article was Dadash Bunyadzade, chairman of the Azerbaijan IFC. (Davidov, 1938).
"People's Enlightenment" journal became the first swallow of pedagogical media. The journal published articles by well-known enlighteners of that time, such as MSOrdubadi and H.Jamalov.
Along with "People's Education", the body of the new IFC "Narodnoe Enlightenment ”journal was launched. Only 2 issues of it were released. In order to help teachers, the journal "People's Enlightenment" was published in Azerbaijani, and "Narodnoe Enlightenment" in Russian. But both soon closed.
After a short break, in January 1923, the journal "Education and Culture" began to be published. The editor of the journal was writer Tagi Shahbazi.
This journal was established by the decision of the board meeting of the Azerbaijan IFC on October 14, 1922 and became a chronicle in the pedagogical press. In 1923-1927, it functioned as a body of the IFC of Azerbaijan. Twelve in Education and Culture in 1923; In 1924, issue 8 was published.
Speaking about the pedagogical journals published in Baku, academician M.Mehdizadeh emphasized the role of the "Education and Culture" journal. In January 1925, the journal "Education and Culture" was renamed "Revolution and Culture". The journal "For Moral Assistance", which came to teachers, later became an organ of the Azerbaijan Writers' Society. Later it was talked about as a literary-artistic, socio-political media outlet.
The fate of the journal "People's Teacher", which began to be published in October 1924, was the same as "People's Enlightenment". However, it was also vulnerable to the pressures of the time. It should be noted that although only one issue was published, it also did some work. The articles published in the journal drew the reader's attention to the classical pedagogical heritage, the daily problems of the Azerbaijani school, the views of individuals on education, and the tasks ahead in the pedagogical field.
The collection "People's Teacher", which did not attract much attention in the study of the history of the Azerbaijani pedagogical press and was left out of the study, also left its mark on the memory with its single issue.
Thus, the predecessors of the "AJES Journal", the longest-running journal in the history of the Azerbaijani pedagogical press, were "New School" and "Help the Teacher". These journals played a fundamental role in the beginning of the path of the "AJES Journal" and became the basis for its establishment. (Krasnovski, 1938)
The "New School" journal, which began to be published in April 1924, has gone down in history as a scientific-pedagogical and methodological journal with a pedagogical essence in all its contents and content. The journal was a monthly organ of the Scientific-Methodical Council of the Azerbaijan IFC.
The first issue of the journal in 1925 stated that “Special pedagogical press serving teachers in Azerbaijan ("New School" and "Path of Schools"). In 1925-1928, the journal "Educator" was published. However, the Enlightenment Worker was a body of the Educators' Trade Union. The tasks of the "new school" were purely pedagogical, the journal was to meet the requirements of the council: to provide scientific and methodological guidance to schools, to assist in the development of curricula and plans, to publish textbooks and methodological guidance. For this purpose, he had to approve and analyze pedagogical, psychological, educational history, teaching methods, methodological dynamics, philosophy, society, art, document and similar sciences in the scope of the teacher's specialty, and spread best practices.
Expansion of scientific and pedagogical relations set new tasks for the pedagogical press. In November 1930, the New School was replaced by Teacher Assistance. The pedagogical problems of this period were reflected in "Aid to Teacher". The first issue of the journal said: "On the one hand, the purpose of the collection is to clarify the general and methodological issues raised in primary schools, on the other hand, to analyze the materials provided in the new programs separately for the institution and give teachers a copy to apply in school" (Muradkhanov, 1951)
There were discussions on methodological issues of pedagogy, pedagogy and politics, pedagogy and philosophy.
In the 1930s, "Helping the Teacher" played a central role in the history of the press as a center of pedagogical knowledge.
The Azerbaijan Soviet Encyclopedia says: "AJES Journal" is a separate scientific and pedagogical journal. Published in Baku since 1924. It is a body of the Ministry of Education of the Azerbaijan SSR. The journal was called "New School" until November 1930, and "Teacher Assistance" from November 1930 to April 1941. Since 1943, it has been called "AJES Journal" (Muradkhanov, 1938).
The most valuable pedagogical ideas are spread, first of all, in the pedagogical press, first of all, since the beginning of the publication of "AJES Journal". Since the second half of the last century, this journal has been enriched with fundamental scientific works of Azerbaijani pedagogical scientists such as Ahmad Seyidov, Mehdi Mehdizade, Mardan Muradkhanov. Our history of pedagogical thought has formed the basis of the main idea and content of the "AJES Journal". The role of the "AJES Journal" in the research and promotion of ways of school education has been irreplaceable.
In the development of pedagogical thought in Azerbaijan, the scope of interest of "AJES Journal" has been wider, going beyond "New School" and "Teacher Assistance". "AJES Journal" has played a historical role in the development of education, pedagogical sciences, the spread of ideas of educators, allies, as well as progressive Russian and European pedagogues, starting from the Azerbaijani folk pedagogy. Articles on pedagogical theories, history of school and pedagogical thought published in the pages of the journal, articles on school education, preschool education, as well as methods of teaching subjects played an important role in the proper organization of the activities of educators (Rustamov, 2016).
"AJES Journal" has gained a great reputation in terms of combining pedagogical theory and pedagogical practice in the press. Thus, H.Ahmadov called it "mirror of our pedagogical heritage", N.Kazimov "chronicle of our pedagogical thought", Z.Garalov "treasure of pedagogical knowledge", M.Ibrahimov "lamp of cognition and etiquette", A.Gurbanov "School of development". Academician M.M. Mehdizadeh said about this journal: "AJES Journal "journal has played and continues to show a great and meaningful activity in covering the development of school education in the republic" (Taghiyev, 1958)
In the development of pedagogical thought in Azerbaijan, the world's classical pedagogues (Jan Amos Comenius, Jean Jacques Russo, John Locke, Adolf Disterveg, Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, Konstantin Dmitriyevic Ushinsky, etc.), prominent Azerbaijani educators (A.A. Bakikhanov, M.F.Akhundov, H.B. Zardabi, S.A. Shirvani, M.A. Sabir, etc.) in the promotion of the ideas of pedagogical thought is commendable in the study of various problems in the history of school and pedagogical thought, which is an integral part of the rich cultural history of our people.
Starting from the mid-50s, in addition to the "AJES Journal" journal, methodological collections on the teaching of subjects began to appear. These collections have become the closest assistants of our teachers in mastering the content of curricula, programs, textbooks and methodical aids, which are regularly updated and improved in connection with the development of science and technology.
"AJES Journal" has published the richest materials in the history of the Soviet regime and the education of our country and our country. The existence of the journal aroused interest in the study of pedagogical thinking, new teaching methods. Articles on methodology and methods strengthened the interest in the journal. The research shows that during this period, "AJES Journal" attached great importance not only to the rich past of pedagogical culture, but also to the discussion and solution of modern pedagogical ideas, problems with modernity.
During this period, the speeches of prominent representatives of pedagogical thought in the journal helped to strengthen scientific and pedagogical ideas, prepared educators to implement advanced ideas, focused on educating new forces, pedagogical education and the development of psychological foundations. The journal continues this function today.
From its very first issues, the journal took a principled position as a staunch opponent of the old school principles and supported the formation of our pedagogical thought.
Preliminary research on the world's classical pedagogical thinkers in the journal "AJES Journal" and in the Azerbaijani pedagogical press as a whole was of great methodological importance in the context of the comprehensive development of pedagogical thought. All this has helped to expand the pedagogical thought in our country on a larger scale. These researches were valuable as important scientific and pedagogical work of that time.
Aid to Teacher journal has become a carrier of progressive world pedagogical thought. “J.J. Russon's pedagogical meetings” (Najafov, 1938), “Frebel and his pre-school education system”, “Pestalossi and his didactic teaching”, “Herbart's didactic meetings”, “A.Disterveg and his didactics”, “Jean Jacques Russo”, “Ushinsky's pedagogical meetings”, V.V. Komarovsky AS Makarenko's creative way ” and similar articles helped to arm our pedagogical thought with new ideas (Seyidov, 1956).
Our research shows that such articles published in the Azerbaijani press on the progressive world pedagogical thought have not lost their relevance today.
The actuality of the subject. The history of the Azerbaijani pedagogical press dates back to the early twentieth century. Socio-political conditions in the country after 1920, changes in the structure of society in Azerbaijan and the emergence of new ideas in the field of education have led to the emergence of different problematic views in the development of pedagogical theory and thought. Thus, new shades of formation of pedagogical thought in Azerbaijan were revealed. The growing differences in the pedagogical press have created an arsenal of valuable materials in the process of forming pedagogical thought. In the 20s and 30s of the last century, Azerbaijan realized the ways of developing valuable theories and provisions in the works of the classics of pedagogical thought in a new context.
The scientific and pedagogical experience of the twentieth century in Azerbaijan with many traditions of pedagogical thought has shown that one of the factors and means shaping pedagogical thought and playing a decisive role in its formation, correctly interpreting its development process, has a leading position in the study and promotion of pedagogical science. is the pedagogical press. The development of the pedagogical press over the course of almost a century from the 1920s has influenced the formation of the traditions of socio-political and socio-cultural aspects of pedagogical science and the traditions of our pedagogical thought. The scientific-pedagogical analysis conducted in the form of the journal "AJES Journal" determined the features of the pedagogical press and the context of the development of historical traditions. (Seyidov, 1956)
It is known that the spiritual potential of any nation manifests itself by joining civilization. Here, first of all, it shows the main directions of the development of the national education system, the way to be involved in the process of modernization by revealing the achievements of the past, and as a result allows for a dynamic interpretation of historical pedagogical thought and modern research. During the years of the Soviet ideological system, it was not so easy to take advantage of its rich traditions and achievements. Therefore, the history of the pedagogical press, including the "AJES Journal", the only long-lived media outlet, has not become a separate object of study as a journal (Aliev, 2022).
Our great leader Heydar Aliyev said: “Azerbaijan's education and schools have achieved great success in the twentieth century. At the beginning of the century, Azerbaijani thinkers, enlighteners, intellectuals and teachers did a lot to free our people from illiteracy and inertia, to educate and develop education. If the history of education of the Republic of Azerbaijan is written (this date should be written), no doubt, the work done at each stage will be reflected there and will receive its value.
The luminaries of the Azerbaijani pedagogical science, the scientific and pedagogical activity of the representatives of the Azerbaijani pedagogical thought have made their contribution to our pedagogical thought. Although the journal was persecuted and renamed three times to escape the pressure, it managed to maintain its great ideas.
Our educational history and educational experience have confirmed that the path taken by the "AJES Journal" is the right one.
Theoretical significance of the research:
There is an opportunity for those engaged in scientific and pedagogical research to grow up in accordance with modern requirements. Helps to clarify the place of pedagogical thought in the modern system of scientific knowledge and the scientific system as a whole.
Practical significance of the research, the results of the research are applied to all areas of the history of the development of pedagogical thought. In this regard, research materials not only enrich the history of pedagogical thought and education with new facts, but also have a positive impact on teaching and methodological in this area.
Scientific novelty of the research.
Due to the lack of such thorough research on individual examples of our pedagogical press, which began to be published in the early twentieth century, the development of such a topic as the first research work of a leading pedagogical journal such as "AJES Journal" constitutes the scientific novelty of research. For the first time, one of the scientific innovations of the research is the focus on the individual method of individual educators, the analysis of modern scientific and pedagogical thought over a period of 70 years of the Soviet regime and the discovery of professional considerations in the development of our pedagogical thought.
The role of "AJES Journal" in the history of Azerbaijan pedagogical thought and the historical stages of development of our pedagogical press have been studied and generalized in a systematic and complex way (Ahmadov, 2022).
Conclusion
"AJES Journal" journal, which has made unparalleled contributions to the development of Azerbaijani pedagogical thought, has come a long way. He rendered invaluable services to the progress of the school system in Azerbaijan in the development of a whole group of Azerbaijani scientific pedagogues, in conveying the preliminary results of the current research of our scientists to thousands of readers. The history of pedagogical thought in Azerbaijan has found the solution to the most important problems in the pages of this journal. The scientific and pedagogical community of our republic got acquainted with the works of Russian, Soviet and classical pedagogues for the first time through this journal. Valuable ideas and recommendations put forward by pedagogical scientists and experienced teachers in the materials published in the journal "AJES Journal" and its appendices gave the necessary direction to the organization of educational work.
Azerbaijani scientists of the Azerbaijani schooland assessed the achievements in the formation of pedagogical thought as a treasure trove of education in Azerbaijan, pedagogical science.
"AJES Journal" not only provided readers with new materials, new ideas in the field of education, even encouraged his readers to think, to direct their creative activity.
One of the aspects of the journal's activity that is of great interest to readers is the fact that its pages regularly cover theoretical and practical issues of education.is to give ample space.
The journal "AJES Journal" has rendered practical service to formation of pedagogical thought in Azerbaijan, development of Azerbaijan education, Azerbaijan pedagogical thought.
The main researches of the specialists engaged in studying the history of Azerbaijani education and pedagogical thought, the works of pedagogical scientists and researchers who published the results of their first researches in the pages of this journal have turned the journal into a truly valuable chronicle.
Analysis of pedagogical journals available in various countries around the world, including the "AJES Journal" journal, showed that as a media outlet, these journals performed a number of socio--informational functions of educational, advisory, observational, documentary and advertising nature. The genre specificity of pedagogical publications, thematic features have not changed much over the years of research. If we look at the genres of publications in the journal, we can see that the published articles contain articles, reports, comments, opinions, letters to the editors on various problems of education, the application of scientific-practical methods of schooling, analysis of different topics and methods of approaching them. presentation and description of interesting theoretical ideas of foreign educators, etc. has remained unchanged over the years.
The authors of the journal from 1924 to 1991 were prominent pedagogues, scientists and public figures of their time.
When examining the number of articles published in the journal over the years, it is important to note the positive dynamics of its development. These are the numbers of articles in the "AJES Journal" for years, which are reflected in the following diagram:
The increase in the number of articles in the 1950s not only led to the journal's excessive volume, but also gradually created the conditions for the emergence of a new title. The emergence of these supplements, which cover articles on various subjects, based on the publication of articles on teaching and methodological issues throughout their activities, which in turn soon gained an important position, did not prevent the "AJES Journal" journal to read more interestingly over time.
