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Introduction
For the period of the end of the XX - beginning of the XXI centuries the active development of science, various industries and international interaction are characteristic. Globalization processes have influenced most areas of human activity, stimulating large-scale integration processes and active international cooperation in various areas of business, industry, science and culture.
The oil and gas industry today occupies a leading role in the global economy. In recent years, the attention of the whole world has been closely focused on the development of the oil and gas industry, new market trends and price indicators, since the sources of extracted fuel have become a powerful resource of political and economic influence on a regional and global scale. As a result, interest in various aspects of activity in the industry has increased, including communication features, the relationship between specialists and business communication within the industry. Consequently, the sublanguage of the oil and gas industry represents a separate area for linguistic research of our time, as a direction of business communication.
Today, a large number of specialists in various fields of specialization (technical, mathematical, humanitarian) are involved in the oil and gas industry, who are constantly forced to work with English-language terms and structures that reflect complex technical processes and phenomena characteristic of this industry. Some specialists who did not have experience with such terminology will previously be forced to learn it in the shortest possible time.
Methodology
The article used a comparative analysis of specialized scientific literature, a method of linguistic comparison and comparative analysis, and a statistical method.
In the scientific literature, more than 50 years of active attention has been paid to the study of the basic terminology of the oil and gas language. For example, Samigullina (2014), studied the sublanguage of the oil and gas sector comprehensively, focusing in her study on structural-semantic equivalence and identification of terminological units of the oil and gas industry. The scientist uses a number of special and general scientific methods to uncover the topic, including linguistic analysis of semantics and etymology of basic terms.
Aspects of the etymology of technical terms in the oil and gas industry were the subject of research by Yusupova & Yusupova (2019). Samigullina (2012), paid specific attention directly to the vocabulary of a specialist in the oil and gas industry, however, the author conducted a comparative analysis of the vocabulary of the studied sublanguage in several languages, without paying attention to aspects of the methodology for compiling a basic list of terms. Sevastyanova A.P. compiled “Glossary of key terminological vocabulary of the oil and gas industry”, but did not pay attention to the issues of its compilation methodology (Sevostyanova, 2018).
In general, the directions of scientific research in the field of the oil and gas sublanguage have several directions of research: the etymology of the origin of terms and terminology, the features of the translation of specialized terms of the oil and gas sublanguage, metaphorical features of the terminology of the oil and gas industry, a comparative analysis of the terminology of the oil and gas sublanguage in several languages (English and several others), and specific studies that result in glossaries or specialized dictionaries of the oil and gas sublanguage.
Research Smagulova (2013), indirectly related to the topic of compiling a list of basic terms of the oil and gas industry. The author focuses on the etymological aspects of the origin of the English-speaking basic terms of the oil and gas industry, most of which are borrowed from Latin, Greek, Old French and German. It is important that Smagulova (2013), noted the basic principles of the formation of the term system of the oil and gas industry: 1) internationalization of terms and 2) widespread borrowing. This aspect is rationally taken into account in the framework of our study, as a key one.
The most comprehensive study of various methods for compiling special terminological dictionaries in the oil and gas industry was carried out by Faal-Hamedanchi Maryam. The subject of the research is “methods and techniques of comparative lexicographic presentation of the terms of the oil and gas industry based on the use of information retrieval language and the use of information technology in a bilingual translation dictionary of the thesaurus type”. From the point of view of our study, the work of Faal-Hamedanchi M. is more complex and has a significantly larger number of terms than a list of basic terminology.
Serikbay (2009), who has vast practical experience in translations in this field, being a practicing translator works with lively and relevant terminology of the oil and gas industry, developed an English for Oil Workers self-education manual for oil and gas industry workers. The author shares the basic terminology necessary for oil and gas industry workers on 12 topics: exploration and production, collection of well products, storage, refining at oil refineries, marketing, legal and tax aspects of oil production, marketing and environmental protection. Accordingly, each specialist can concentrate on studying only one section, which corresponds to the position held by him, or several, depending on his needs and desires. From the point of view of our study, we believe that the final list of basic terms of the industry should also consist of several topics, therefore it will be rational to take as a basis the categories proposed by Serikbay (2009).
Tarakanov (2011), compiled his own small dictionary of basic terms. It should be noted that the work does not contain a description of what principles and/or methods the scientist was guided by when compiling his dictionary, which would be very relevant in the framework of our study. The work itself is a consolidated list of terms divided into several categories: the section of the main terms and names contains three subsections - 1) petroleum products. Oil semi-finished products. Technological and auxiliary flows. Other substances. Quality indicators; 2) technological processes and operations; 3) apparatus and equipment. There are also other sections in the work devoted to abbreviations and metric systems of the oil and gas industry. Unfortunately, the author did not indicate the arguments on the basis of which one or another term was attributed by him to the number of main ones. However, in a more detailed analysis of the contents of the quick reference compiled by him, we noted that most of the terms are not basic, but rather complementary or referring to a narrower focus of the oil and gas industry.
Fedosov & Korepina (2015), concentrated their research on the analysis of the basic methods of forming the term system of the oil and gas industry. In particular, the researchers identified the main word-formation methods for special terms from the petrochemical industry, and also examined the main dictionaries in Russian and English, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. The most important observation in the work of Fedosov & Korepina (2015), in the aspect of our study, belongs to Grinev (2011), “the English oil and gas terminology is built on a heterogeneous model, i.e. is the result of the interaction of several areas of human knowledge. It includes geological, geophysical, geochemical terms, as well as terms related to drilling, flushing, cementing oil and gas wells, development of oil and gas fields, underground hydraulics, oil and gas production, methods for treating the bottom-hole zone of wells, drilling terms and operational equipment, pipeline terminology, offshore drilling terminology, economic terminology”. (Fedosov & Korepina, 2015)
Thus, in the scientific literature much attention is paid to the analysis of terminology, its etymology, compilation of glossaries, thesauruses and dictionaries, however, it is the methodology (methodology) for compiling the basic terms of the oil and gas sublanguage that remains unnoticed, and therefore is of particular scientific interest. Thus, this article is one of the first scientific attempts to compile a step-by-step methodology (algorithm) for compiling a basic list of terms for the sublanguage of the oil and gas industry, as an individual direction of scientific research.
In the next part of our study, an attempt is made, based on the above scientific works and the authors' approach to compiling various lists of oil and gas terminology, to develop a concrete algorithm of actions by which it will be possible to develop a list of basic terms for the oil and gas industry.
Results
To start working on a list of basic terms, you should first determine the circle of the main information sources that will be used. Today, there are many sources of information that can serve as the basis for compiling a basic list of oil and gas industry terms. Briefly summarize the main ones: specialized dictionaries, specialized scientific periodicals in the field of oil and gas business, standard contracts / agreements, targeted manuals for studying English specialists in the oil and gas industry and others. Each group of sources contains valuable information for the implementation of our task, however, all of them differ significantly in the relevance and volume of information, which may complicate the work with them to achieve the final result. Nevertheless, we will try to build the most efficient way of working with each type of source in order to make a basic list of terms.
First of all, it is necessary to analyze the regulations governing this industry in Russia, which will highlight the main terms and definitions. Among the many laws and regulations, we consider GOST R 55311-2012 (Codex JSC, 2020) to be the most relevant. The document contains the main terms that should be included in the basic list of terms.
If we approach the solution of this problem - to compile a list of basic terms for the oil and gas industry - through the prism of a scientific approach, then it would be rational to start the study by analyzing special dictionaries of oil and gas terms. The disadvantage of working with dictionaries is that they are quite complex and they reflect not only basic, but and in general the whole specialized terminology of the oil and gas industry. Studying vocabulary terminology in a dictionary will take a huge amount of time and may not always be effective. Moreover, it should be understood that the industry is actively developing, new methods, techniques and tools are appearing that may not be reflected in dictionaries compiled in the twentieth century, however, active linguistic work is also being carried out today to compile more modern and concise dictionaries of the oil and gas industry. They should be the ones to pay attention to when developing a list of basic terms: “Basic terms in oil and gas processing; A quick reference ","A brief dictionary on the geology of oil and gas, oil and gas industry".
Some large companies carry out comprehensive work on compiling basic dictionaries in order to simplify the work of their employees. For example, Price Waterhouse World Petroleum Industry Group has developed a Russian-English dictionary of oil and gas terms. Moreover, with the development of Internet technologies, most companies in the oil and gas industry have begun to pay attention to the information component of their activities. For example, a special section “Oil and Gas Dictionary” has been created on the official website of Gazprom Neft, with the help of which you can check the meaning of most specialized terms of the oil and gas industry. In Russia, there are also other similar specialized Internet resources - on the Neftyanik information resource there are immediately 19 categories of dictionaries for the oil and gas field.
In order to determine the list of living (actively used) vocabulary of the oil and gas industry, it is worthwhile to conduct a linguistic analysis of modern periodic thematic sources. Here it is necessary to highlight the "Oil and Gas Business", "Oil and Gas Vertical", "Geology of Oil and Gas", "Oil and Gas Journal". Through the analysis of materials from these periodicals, two main categories of terms can be distinguished: 1) which are found constantly and are nominations of certain processes / phenomena; 2) terms that nominate new processes / phenomena (neologisms). Upon completion of the analysis, a list of terms from the first category should be compiled and their exact meanings subsequently determined using dictionaries (printed and electronic).
A separate direction in the development of a list of basic terms may be the analysis of standard documents in the oil and gas industry. Such documents include both legal agreements and technical documentation for the operation of certain types of equipment, processing of raw materials, etc. Typically, such documents contain a separate section describing the basic terminology and decoding of abbreviations. This section is of particular interest for our study. As a result of such a study, a rather substantial list of terms, definitions and abbreviations can be formed, which in the future will be rationally divided into more specific categories.
Thus, to compile a list of basic terminology in the oil and gas field, it is necessary:
determine the main list of sources of information, which must include technical documentation, dictionaries and specialized periodicals; You can also use the official websites and print publications of companies working in the analyzed industry;
to analyze documents, periodicals, official websites and legal acts with a view to highlighting the most frequently used vocabulary, which forms the basis of the terminological base of the oil and gas business and compile a list of them;
through the use of specialized dictionaries, select equivalents and definitions for the terms from the list compiled in stage 2;
to divide the entire list of terms into certain subcategories for more convenient orientation and application.
Conclusions
Application of the proposed algorithm will allow each specialist in the oil and gas industry, regardless of his particular narrow area of work, to compile for himself a list of basic terms with which he will have to constantly work. The algorithm of actions is quite simple and does not require significant linguistic preparation for its implementation.
In general, based on scientific analysis, we can well assume that working with the basic sources of the oil and gas industry (contracts, technical documents for equipment and technologies, technical reports) will make it possible to compile a list of basic terms, the subsequent interpretation of which will be supplemented by working with specialized dictionaries. Based on the multifaceted nature of the oil and gas industry, it can conclude that the list of basic terms should include the categories of the names of substances (oil, gas, propane, etc.), the technologies for drilling and extraction of raw materials, transportation and processing, the name of the main equipment and its components.
It should be emphasized that the developed algorithm has not yet been applied in practice among a wide audience for which it is actually designed, we believe that there is a scientific need for a practical study of the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, which is the object of subsequent scientific research. We assume that the application of the algorithm in practice will demonstrate some of its disadvantages, which in the future can be improved scientifically.
